5 Written Questions

1. The amphibian's bone is heavier. Birds have air-filled cavities that make their bones lighter than other vertebrates' bones.
2. Crocodilia
3. A bird's feathers molt in pairs, one or a few at a time. This is different from arthropods and reptiles, which tend to molt their whole body covering at once.
4. Rhynchocephalia
5. Reptile scales prevent water loss and insulate the reptile's body.

5 Matching Questions

1. 8. These are the reptile orders that contain currently living reptiles: Rhynchocephalia, Squamata, Crocodilia, Testudines. Classify: lizards
2. e. Down feathers
3. 20. What is the principal function of underhair?
4. 2. State the five characteristics that set reptiles apart from other vertebrates.
5. a. Amniotic egg

1. a The common characteristics of reptiles are:
   
   Covered with tough, dry scales
   
   Ectothermic
   
   Breathe with lungs throughout their lives
   
   Three-chambered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided
   
   Produce amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell, most oviparous, some ovoviviparous
2. b A shelled, water-retaining egg that allows reptile, bird, and certain mammal embryos to develop on land
3. c Feathers with smooth barbules but no hooked barbules
4. d Underhair's main job is insulation.
5. e Squamata

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young
   1. c. Hemotoxin
   2. a. Amniotic egg
   3. g. Placenta
   4. i. Mammary glands
2. Contour feathers are used for flight, while down feathers are used for insulation.
   1. 7. What are the two most important functions of reptile scales?
   2. 14. What type of feather (down or contour) is used for flight? What kind is used for insulation?
   3. 15. What is a bird actually doing when it is preening?
   4. 18. Which is heavier, a bird's bone or the same size bone from an amphibian?
3. The yolk serves as nourishment for the developing embryo. The allantois allows the embryo to breathe, and the albumen destroys pathogens that can enter the egg as well as supplying water and amino acids to the embryo. The albumen also acts as a shock-absorber.
   1. 4. Identify the parts of the amniotic egg:
   2. 20. What is the principal function of underhair?
   3. 7. What are the two most important functions of reptile scales?
   4. 5. State the functions of the yolk, the allantois, and the albumen.
4. We usually see the mammal's guard hair, because that's what's on top.
   1. 7. What are the two most important functions of reptile scales?
   2. 20. What is the principal function of underhair?
   3. 12. Which has a harder shell: the egg of a reptile or the egg of a bird?
   4. 21. What do we usually see when we look at a mammal, underhair or guard hair?
5. A bird egg's shell is harder, because it contains lime.
   1. 4. Identify the parts of the amniotic egg:
   2. 12. Which has a harder shell: the egg of a reptile or the egg of a bird?
   3. 15. What is a bird actually doing when it is preening?
   4. 20. What is the principal function of underhair?

5 True/False Questions

1. c. Hemotoxin → A poison that attacks the red blood cells and blood vessels, destroying circulation

   True        False

2. 6. Reptiles have a growth-related characteristic in common with the arthropods. What is it? → The common characteristics are:
   Endothermic
   Heart with four chambers
   Toothless bill
   Oviparous, laying an amniotic egg that is covered in a lime-containing shell
   Covered with feathers.
   Skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones (not a characteristic for all birds)

   True        False

3. b. Neurotoxin → A poison that attacks the nervous system, causing blindness, paralysis, or suffocation

   True        False

4. 22. Name a nonplacental mammal. → A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply

   True        False

5. 10. Do all birds fly? → No. There are two orders of flightless birds.

   True        False