Gu problems, Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, & fractured hip

5 Written Questions

1. remove the clients clothing to inspect area. apply pressure, proximal artery nearest fracture. keep client warm & supine. check neurovascular status, temperature, color, sensation, movement, capillary refill. compare affected & unaffected limbs. immobilize above & below fracture. cover with clean cloth.
2. X-ray, DEXA, serum bone GLA-protein increased. bone biopsy is thin & porous.
3. intracapsular: subcapital, transcervical. extracapsular: intertrachanteric.
4. the inability to urinate even though the bladder is full.
5. dislocation of hip, hemorrhage, infection, thromboembolism, avascular necrosis, cemented prosthesis may loosen over time, pneumonia.

5 Matching Questions

1. What are medications for osteoarthritis?
2. What are urinary retention cause?
3. When is surgery performed for an arthritis patient?
4. What are cold and hot remedies you can use?
5. What are benefits to rest and exercise for osteoarthritis?

1. a Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Naproxen (Naprosyn), Fluriprofen (Ansiaid), Piroxican (Feldene), Diclofenac (Voltaren).
2. b performed if medical treatment fails. total hip replacement: knee, hips. most common type of arthroplasty.
3. c cold for acute inflammation. heat: hot packs, warm compresses, warm showers, moist heating pads, paraffin dips.
4. d UTIs leading to urosepsis. urosepsis is an infection that starts in the bladder and goes into the bloodstream.
5. e balancing rest and exercise to prevent muscle atrophy from disuse. acute inflammation: rest, splinting. keep joint in functional position to prevent contractures.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. medical attention sought when joint pain & stiffness interferes with daily activities. joint pain worse after activity. joint pain better after rest. if vertebra affected, may have radiating pain & or muscle spasms. bony nodes on the joints of the fingers may be involved. heberden's nodes: nodes on the distal interphalangeal joint.
   1. what are diagnostics tests done for osteoarthritis?
   2. What are signs & symptoms of osteoarthritis?
   3. What are treatments for osteoarthritis?
   4. What are medications for osteoarthritis?
2. 1-1.5Gm Ca+ daily. adequate intake of vitamin D. exercise. drug therapy: Evista, Calcitonin, Actonel, Fosamax can aid in increasing bone density. Fall prevention.
   1. what are diagnostics test done for osteoporosis?
   2. What is nursing management for osteoporosis?
   3. What is osteoporosis?
   4. What are treatments for osteoarthritis?
3. GI distres, bleeding tendencies, sodium & fluid retention. Elderly monitor for congestive heart failure or high BP as a result of fluid retention.
   1. What are urinary retention cause?
   2. What are s/s of UTIs?
   3. What are the stages of bone healing?
   4. what are side effects of NSAIDs ?
4. break occurs when bone can't stand repeated impact. common in athletes.
   1. what is a depressed fracture?
   2. What is a stress fracture?
   3. what is a greenstick fracture?
   4. What is an impacted fracture?
5. decrease pain. administer antibiotics per order. encourage fluids to increase urine output. give hygiene education. instruct patient to void frequently. cranberry juice can help to prevent cystitis by changing the composition of the urine.
   1. what are nursing interventions for urinary incontinence?
   2. What are s/s of osteoporosis?
   3. What are nursing interventions for UTIs?
   4. What are urinary tract infections?

5 True/False Questions

1. Why is thromboembolitic complications of fractures? → DVT/PE develop in immobile clients secondary to trauma/surgery. most common problem of long extremity surgery. prevention: TED hose, sequential compression devices, leg exercises, early ambulation. assessment pain on dorsiflexion.

   True        False

2. What are musculoskeletal changes of aging? → hematoma/inflammation. granulation/soft callus formation. hard callus formation and ossification.

   True        False

3. what is a complete or displaced fracture? → breaks bone into 2 pieces.

   True        False

4. what is a soft tissue closed simple fracture? → doesn't disrupt skin.

   True        False

5. What are causes of pathogenic fractures? → osteoporosis, metastatic bone cancer and malnutrition. as well as falls, MVA, and bone disease.

   True        False