Modern Africa (Struggles for Democracy)
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Apartheid | A policy that completely separates races |
| African National Congress (ANC) | An organization set up by South Africans in 1912 who resisted controls imposed by the white minority to fight for their rights-organized strikes and boycotts to protest racist policies. Gov. banned this and imprisoned many members including Nelson Mandela |
| Nelson Mandela | A member/leader of the ANC who was arrested. F.W. de Clerk released him from prison and in 1994 was elected president of South Africa |
| Nigerian Civil War | a conflict (1967-1970) that arose when the Ibo of southeastern Nigeria proclaimed the independence of Biafra. Divides Africa when states ally with different sides. The Federal government had a huge military advantage. 1 million people die. |
| Nigerian Ethnic Groups | Hausa-Fulani: South, mostly Muslim Yoruba and Igbo: Mostly Christain, Muslim or armist-believe that spirits are present in animals, plants and natural objects. Yoruba are farming people w/ the tradition of kings and live to the west. Igbo are farming people w/ democratic tradition and live to the east |
| Ken Saro-Wiwa | A political prisoner from Nigeria who was hanged for criticizing military gov. in Nigeria. Was a noted writer & activist who smuggled several manuscripts out of prison shortly before death. |
| Sani Abacha | A ruthless and corrupt Nigerian dictator who was elected due to "invalid" results. Banned political activity & jailed dissidents. Ruler from 1993-1998. |
| Green Revolution | 20th-century attempt to increase food resources world wide, involving use of fertilizers and pesticides and the development of disease-resistant crops |
| Environmental issues | global warming, deforestation, urbanization, burning of fossil fuels, pollution, emissions, animal extinction |
| Weapons proliferation | The spread of weapons and weapons systems to countries not previously possessing them (horizontal proliferation) or the accumulation of more and more weapons or weapons systems by particular countries (vertical proliferation) |
| Terrorism | the use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening governments into changing policies |
| Colonization of Nigeria and South Africa | Colonizers ignored existing ethnic or cultural division -new divisions formed. Colonies were encouraged export of cash crops rather than production of goods to serve local needs -left nations unbalanced -left both nations ethnically divided |
| War with Biafra | Non-Yoruba minorities tried to break from Yoruba control. In 1966 Igbo army officers seized poser in Lagos and declared martial law. This angered the Hausa-Fulani and they attacked the Igbo. |
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