Sociology Final
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Created by:
clhrunner28 on June 6, 2010
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Jim crow laws | laws created that segregate blacks and whites in the US |
| in-group | group that an individual belongs to and identifies with |
| genocide | extermination aimed at destroying an entire targeted population |
| ethnocentrism | tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all others |
| ethnicity | set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another |
| discrimination | denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership |
| de jure segregation | segregation based on laws |
| de facto segregation | segregation based on informal norms, not enforced by law |
| cultural universals | common features that are found in all human cultures |
| cultural relativism | belief that cultures' should be judged by their own standards |
| cultural pluralism | policy that allows each group within society to keep its own unique cultural identity |
| counterculture | a group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and rewards them with a new set |
| caste system | system in which scarce resources and rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed status |
| bourgeoisie | owners of the means of production in a capitalist society |
| assimilation | blending of a culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity |
| ascribed status | status assigned according to standards that are beyond a person's control |
| anticipatory socialization | learning of rights, obligations, and expectations of a role in preparation for assuming that role at a future date |
| anomie | situation arises when the norms of society are unclear or no longer applicable |
| adolescence | the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood |
| acheived status | status aqired by an individual on the basis of some special skills, knowledge, or ability |
| John Locke | created the "tabula rasa" theory of socialization |
| Tabula Rasa | John Locke's concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by sense impressions that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas. |
| role conflict | situation that arises when fulfilling the expectations of one role making it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another role |
| recidivism | repeated criminal behavior |
| prejudice | unsupported generalization about a group |
| out-group | any group that an individual doesn't belong to or identify with |
| minority group | category of people who share physical characteristics or cultural practices that result in the group being denied equal treatment |
| master status | status that plays the greatest role in shaping a persons' life and determining his/her's social identity |
| looking glass self | interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others |
| stigma | mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society |
| subjugation | maintaining control over a group through or by force |
| stereotype | oversimplified, exaggerated or unfavorable generalization about a category of people |
| social imagination | ability to see the connection between the larger world and our social lives |
| social stratification | ranking of individuals or categories of people on the basis of unequal access to scarce resources and social rewards |
| social inequality | unequal sharing of social rewards and resources |
| scapegoating | practice of placing blame for one's troubles on an innocent individual or group |
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