Eng2H Grammar SemII
Order by
57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Subject Pronoun | Pronouns that function as/replace subjects in a sentence or clause. |
| Singular Subject Pronouns (specific) | I, you, he, she, it |
| Plural Subject Pronouns (Specific) | We, you, they |
| Subject Pronoun as a Predicate Nominative | noun or pronoun that follows a form of the verb 'be' and renames or identifies the subject |
| Object Pronoun | pronouns that function as/replace the direct object, indirect object, or object compliment of a sentence |
| Singular Object Pronouns (specific) | me, you, him, her, it |
| Plural Object Pronouns (specific) | Us, you, them |
| Use an Object Pronoun when... | the noun is an object of a preposition |
| Between you and "___" (me, I) | me, [object pronoun example] |
| The person who made all the arrangements for the trip is "______." (her, she) | she [subject pronoun example] |
| "Everything intercepts _____ from ourselves" -Ralph Waldo Emmerson (we, us) | us [object pronoun example] |
| WHO | A subject pronoun used when the pronoun functions as a subject or predicate nominative in a sentence or a clause. |
| WHOM | A subject pronoun used when the pronoun functions as the direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition in a sentence or clause. |
| Who and Whom in a subordinate clause | Ignore the rest of the sentence and focus on how it functions in that clause alone. |
| Today, reporters write about _____ plays well without regard to race. (who/whom) | Who |
| For ________ did you buy this shirt? (who/whom) | Whom |
| If the pronoun is both the subject/predicate nominative AND the object of a preposition, use... | Who |
| Appositives in Pronoun Problems | A pronoun referring to a noun or a noun referring to a pronoun. ex. "The best actors, Elaine and -he-, have the lead roles." |
| Incomplete/Elliptical Construction | A comparison that comes at the end of a sentence and starts with the word "than" or "as". Choose the pronoun form you would use if the sentence were complete. ex. "Yan is two inches shorter -than she-" |
| Antecedents | The word a pronoun refers to/replaces |
| Pronouns and Antecedents must agree in | gender (m/f/neuter) and in number (sing/plur) |
| Use "His or Her"... | when the antecedent refers to both males and females |
| When a sentence is joined be "Or/Nor"... | use a singular prnoun to refer to two or more singular antecedents. |
| If a singular AND plural antecedent are joined by "Or/Nor" | Use a pronoun that agrees with the nearer antecedent |
| In Adjective clauses... [antecedents] | personal pronoun agrees with the word to which the relative pronoun refers |
| Did Tanish or Jessica remember _____ homework? (her/their) | her [antecedent agreement] |
| The judges gave the prize to the cleverest dog, ______. (him/he) | him [choosing correct pronoun] |
| Avoid the use of "It/this/that/which" when... | lacking a clearly stated antecedent |
| Prepositional Phrase | always begins with a preposition and ends with a single object (noun/pronoun) or a compound object (OB). May also include adjectives. |
| Adjective phrase | prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun in the sentence |
| Adverb phrase | prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb |
| Adjective phrases answer... | which one, what kind? |
| Adverb phrases answer... | When, how, where, to what extent? |
| Appositives | noun or pronoun that identifies or explains the noun or pronoun that precedes it |
| Appositive Phrase | an appositive + all its modifiers |
| Nonessential [appositives] | When an appositive/appositive phrase is NOT vital to the meaning of the sentence sometimes set off by commas open/conclude/interrupt sentences with |
| Essential [appositives] | When an appositive phrase is vital to the sentence's meaning not set off by commas |
| Verbal | a verb form that functions as a different part of speech. includes: gerunds, participles, and infinitives |
| Participle | a verb form that acts as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. Can come before or after the word it modifies. |
| Present participles End In... | -ing |
| Past Participles End In... | -d or -ed (can have irregular endings as well) |
| Participial Phrase | made up of a participle and all of its modifiers and complements. Whole phrase acts as an adjective |
| Absolute Phrase | A noun and a participle/participial phrase. Nonessential. |
| Gerund | Verb form ending in -ing functions as a noun can be used in any way a noun is used |
| Gerund Phrase | A gerund and all its modifiers and complements |
| Infinitives | Verb form that is almost always preceded by the word "to" acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb |
| TO | serves as a sign/marker of an infinitive See also: preposition |
| Infinitive Phrase | infinitive and all of its modifiers and complements |
| Infinitive, Participial or Gerund? "I only as to be free." | to be free; Infinitive |
| Infinitive, Participial, or Gerund? "Talking, listening, and sharing are all easier outdoors." | talking, listening, and sharing; Gerund |
| Infinitive, Participial, or Gerund? "The Himalayan trek, organized by professionals, was both safe and exhilarating." | organized by professionals; [past] participle |
| Passive Voice | "To Be" + Past Participle |
| Use passive voice when... | Agent is unknown or unimportant |
| Passive or Active? "The TARDIS is dimensionally transcendental." | Active |
| Passive or Active? "Duella is defeated by Timoty J. Drake." | Passive |
| Change to Active: "Rose Tyler is envied by me." | I envy Rose Tyler. |
| Change to Active: "Someone who is hidden in time is Bruce Wayne." | Bruce Wayne hides in time. or Bruce Wayne is hidden in time. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.