Anatomy
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemical messengers | endocrine systems communicates with target cells by secreting what through the blood stream |
| presence of receptor specific for hormone | What about a cell indentifies it as a target cell for a hormone |
| what hormones have in common | bind and interact with a receptor in the target cell |
| steroids | hormone made from colesterol |
| every target cell | capable of responding to several hormones |
| endocrine stmuation is | slower and more prolonged than the nervous stimulation |
| pheromones | chemical signals that are secreted into the environment to modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals |
| paracrine | chemical messenger that diffuses the tissue fluid to a nearby target cell |
| change in level of chemical in blood | blood glucose levels decrease hormone "a" is secreted, Hormone A is controlled by |
| cortisol inhibits ACTH secretion | negative feedback control of ACTH secretion |
| Hypothalamus, Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels, anterior pituitary | From point of secretion until reaching target cell TRH found in or passes through these structures |
| functions of endocrine system | Regulate Blood Calcium levels, Regulate the heart rate, Control water blance of body |
| hypothalamus to control control anterior pituitary | releasing and inhibiting hormnes are produced by the |
| FSH and LH | gonadotropins refer to this pair of hormones |
| LH | hormone required for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum |
| deep sleep | increases rate of growth hormone secretion |
| constriction of blood vessels | ADH/vasopressin at high concentrations causes |
| calcitonin | released in response to high blood calcium levels |
| thyroid hormone | lack of iodine in diet causes decreased production of what hormone |
| growth hormone | causes growth of bone tissue |
| thyrocalcitonin | inhibits oseteoclast activity and stimulates osteoblast activity |
| Estrogen and androgen | stimulate the growth of bone tissue but eventually lead to the cessation of bone growth |
| blood homeostasis is maintained by | breaking down nutrients |
| respiration | transports oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| acid-base blance | buffers acids and bases |
| thermoregulation | allowes heat to escape from the body at the skin |
| person with high blood erythropoietin levels has | high red blod cell count |
| Erythropoietin | hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation |
| erythrocytes | transport oxygen |
| leukocytes | protect against disease |
| plasma protiens | maintain blood osmotic pressure; involved in clotting |
| granulocyte | basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil |
| hematopoiesis | process of blood cell formation |
| respiration | transports oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| positive feedback | rapidly increases amount of activated clotting factors |
| clotting | during this blood ells and platelets are trapped in a mesh of protien fibers |
| extrinsic mechanism | initiated by tissue factor(thromboplastin), released by damaged tissues |
| vascular spasm | closes off small blood vessels when they are damaged, mainly in response to chemicals released from damaged cells |
| blood type is determined by | mixing blood with different antibodies to see which ones cause the RBC's to agglutinate |
| risk exist when awoman who is RH+ carrying a RH- fetus | no risk during first pregnancy but can harm fetus during subsequent pregnancy |
| Antibodies to blood typ A or B antigens | small enough to cross placenta |
| Person with typ O+ blood | have RH but not A or B atigens |
| Blood type determined by | glycoprotiens adnd glycolipids on RBC membrane |
| Type A blood person | can donate blood type AB |
| Type A antibodies are in | an individual with blood type B |
| type O universal because | donor has neither antigen A or B in RBC |
| Plasma is | a colloidal solution |
| heart is located | superior to diaphram |
| apex of the heart | is part of left ventrical wall |
| apex of the heart | points inferiorly and laterally |
| apex of the heart | is at level of 5th inercostal space |
| fibrous pericardium | stratified squamous epithelium |
| what is in the pericardial cavity | small amount of serous fluid |
| the heart valves | prevent blood from flowing backward through the heart |
| right ventricle acts as a pump for | pulmonary circulation |
| chamber of heart working hardest | left ventricle |
| pulmonary circulation does what | oxygen poor blood returns from the body to the heart through the vea cavae |
| right ventricle | pulmonry trunk |
| aortic semilunar | blood leaving the left ventricle goes through this valve |
| left atrium | blood from pulmonary veins enters this heart chamber |
| cardiac conduction system location | SA node - right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava |
| damage to AV bundle pevent cardiac implulse from reaching | ventricles |
| Conduction of cardiac impluse is slowed passing through AV node allows time for | atria to contract completely before ventricle start to contract |
| because of distribution of cardiac impluse ventricular contraction begins | at the apex of the heart and pushes blood toward semilunar valves |
| ECG has | P-Wave atrial depolarization, PR interval AV node conduction, RS complex ventricular depolarization |
| systole | contraction of ventricular chamber |
| atrioventricular vlaves open when pressure in | atria is greater than pressure in ventricles |
| right atrium contracts pushing blood into | right ventricle |
| cardiac cycle | alternate contraction and relaxation of atria and ventricles |
| while heart is in systole | blood is being pumped into ventricles |
| during ventricular diastole | presure in ventricles exceeds pressure in arteries and semilunar vales open |
| dehydration | detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus |
| ADH | released by posterior pituitary gland |
| ADH functions | decrease urine output and constrict blood vessels |
| ADH helps to | conserve water during dehydration |
| ADH travel | goes to target cell via the bloodstream |
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