1.
10 -12 x's more often: Lucunar strokes occur how much more often than other types of stroke?
2.
10%: percentage of hemorrhagic strokes caused by intraparenchymal hemorrhage
3.
10ml/100g/min: CBF decreases to this rate and brain cells are irreversibly dead r/t lactic acidosis and cytotoxic edema
4.
25ml/100g/min: CBF decreases to this rate and neurons stop firing but are still viable: ischemic penumbra
5.
50 ml/100g/min: normal rate of CBF
6.
bleeding into brain substance from uncontrolled HTN: cause of intraparenchymal hemorrage
7.
cardiac abnormality is the source of the emboli causing stroke in the first place: why important to treat underlying cardiac problem as well as neuro problem when someone has cardioembolic stroke?
8.
cardioembolic stroke: caused by A fib, rheumatic heart disease, AMI, endocarditis, mitral valve stenosis and prosthetic heart valves
9.
causes of ischemic stroke: large artery artherosclerosis, cardioembolic events, small artery occlusive disease
10.
complications of AV malformation: ischemia, scarring of brain tissue, abnormal tissue development, compression, hemorrhage and hydrocephalus
11.
impaired perfusion: AV malformation impairs what?
12.
lacunar stroke: HTN, Diabetes, small vessel occlusive disease cause this type of stroke where fat coats cerebral arteries in brain and thickens walls causing stroke
13.
large artery artherosclerosis: caused by cholesterol plaque, thrombus on plaque or embolis
14.
location of bleeding, compression and herniation: what does the severity of stroke from intraparenchymal hemorrhage depend on?
15.
mechanism of action of cardioembolic stroke: clot formation due to low flow of blood from the heart
16.
places in brain lacunar stroke most often occurs: basil ganglia, sub cortical white matter, thalamus, cerebellum and brainstem
17.
primary causes of hemorrhagic stroke: primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage, ruptured cerebral aneurysm, AV malformation
18.
pure motor, pure sensory or both: patients can present with which features when they have a lucunar stroke?
19.
risk factors for large artery artherosclerosis (and also for stroke): HTN, Diabetes, smoking and possibly high cholesterol
20.
risk of rupture and hemorrhage into sub arachnoid space: what does AV malformation increase the risk of?
21.
secondary causes of hemorrhagic stroke: over anticoagulation (heparin, warfarin or rtPa), vasopressors, cocaine abuse, liver or renal failure, thrombcytopenia
22.
vascular dementia: one of the cognitive deficits caused by lucunar stroke