| Term | Definition |
|---|
| psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| Wilhelm wundt | founder of modern psychology |
| william james | first american psychologist and author of the first psychology textbook |
| sigmund freud | founder of psychoanalysis |
| psychoanalytic perspective/ psychoanalysis | school of thought that focuses on how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts; Freud |
| Ivan Pavlov | russian. showed that animals learn some things through association |
| John B. Watson | Founder of Behaviorism |
| behaviorist perspective | school of thought that focuses on how we learn observable responses |
| humanistic psychology | school of thought that focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individual's freedom to choose, and capacity for personal growth |
| Abraham maslow | Leader in the humanistic psychology movement |
| Jean Piaget | Developmental and cognitive psychologist known for his studies of children's thought processes |
| basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| STUDY PRACTICE QUIZZES!!!!! | STUDY PRACTICE QUIZZES!!!!! |
| scientific method | a method of learning about the world through the application of critical thinking and tools such as observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis |
| critical thinking | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions |
| case study | studying one person in depth |
| correlational study | research project designed to discover the degree to which two variables are related to each other |
| population | all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study |
| experiment | a research method in which the researcher manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe the effect on other variables (DV) while controlling for confounding variables |
| operational definition | a specification of the exact procedures used to make a variable specific and measurable for research purposes |
| random assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences among those assigned to different groups |
| behavior genetics | the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a complex molecule containing the genetic info that makes up the chromosomes |
| predisposition? | passing of DNA to future generations |
| genome | complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in its chromosomes |
| mutation | random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the individual's genetic code; the source of all genetic diversity |
| Natural selection | the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to survival will most likely be passes on to succeeding generations |
| identical twins | twins who develp from a single fertilized eff that splits in two, creating 2 genetically identical organsim |
| fraternal twins | twins who develop from separate eggs. they are genetically no closer than any other brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment |
| heritability | the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes |
| dependent variable | the research variable that is influenced by the independent variable. in psychology, the behavior or mental process where the impact of the independent variable is measured |
| Independent variable | the research variable that a researcher actively manipulates, and if the hypothesis is correct, will cause a change in the dependent variable |
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