Pharma Chap7&9 vocab
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xxlisa11188xx on June 10, 2010
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Abortifactant | A substance that can induce the termination of a pregnancy. |
| Agranulocytosis | The extreme reduction in the number of leukocytes or white blood cells in the blood. |
| Anabolism | Biological processes which primarily build up large compounds from smaller chemicals. |
| Analog | A drug or other chemical that is similar in structure or constituents to another but differs in effects. |
| Buffalo hump | An accumulation of fat on the back of the neck caused by high doses of glucocorticoids or Cushing's syndrome. |
| Catabolism | Biological processes which primarily break down large storage and other chemicals, often releasing energy in the process. |
| Endogenous | Originating from within the body. |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells. |
| Euthyroid | A thyroid gland that is functioning within normal limits; not hypo- or hyperthyroid. |
| Glucagon | A pancreatic hormone that causes the breakdown of glycogen and elevates serum glucose levels. |
| Gluconeogenesis | The formation of glycogen, a glucose storing compound, from fatty acids and proteins rather than carbohydrates. |
| Goiter | An enlarged thyroid gland. The gland may be hypo-, hyper- or euthyroid. |
| Hirsutism | Excessive body hair in a masculine distribution. |
| Hypertensive crises | A sudden, severe, life-threatening increase in blood pressure. |
| Hypoglycemia | Too little glucose in the blood. |
| Hypogonadism | A lack of secretion of sex hormones form the testis or ovaries. |
| Moon facies | A rounded, puffy face caused by high doses of corticosteroids |
| Myxedema | The most severe form of hypothyroidism, may lead to coma or death. |
| Postprandial | After a meal. |
| Sympathomimetic | Either mimicking or stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. |
| Thrombophlebitis | Inflammation of a vein often accompanied by a blood clot. |
| Thyroid storm | A crises of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, characterized by high fever, rapid pulse, respiratory distress, apprehension, restlessness, and irritability; can lead to delirium, coma, or fatal heart failure. |
| Colitis | An inflammatory condition of the large intestine. |
| Emulsify | To disperse a liquid into another liquid. |
| Enteric nervous system | A semiautonomous system of nerves located within the digestive system; while a separate system from the CNS and ANS, it can still receive modifying input from these systems. Two plexuses primarily constitute this system: the submucosal nerve plexus and the myenteric nerve plexus. |
| Esophagitis | Inflammation of the esophagus. |
| Galactorrhea | Abnormal production and secretion of milk from the beasts or any white discharge from the nipple. |
| Gastrins | Hormones secreted in the mucosa of the stomach that stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion. |
| Gynecomastia | An abnormal enlargement of one or two breasts in men. |
| Metaplastic | Pertaining to an abnormal transformation of adult, fully differentiated tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind; often cancerous or precancerous. |
| Myenteric plexus | A plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies lying within the musculature of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines; it communicates with the enteric plexus. |
| Prostaglandins | A group of bioactive, hormone-like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation, platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction, cell growth, protection of from acid in the stomach, and many more. |
| Psychotropic | Can affect the mind, emotions, and behavior; pertaining to drugs used in the treatment of mental illness. |
| Stricture | A narrowing or stenosis of a tube, duct, or hollow structure, usually consisting of a contracture or deposition of abnormal tissue. |
| Torsade de pointes | A specific type of ventricular tachycardia characterized by rapid irregular QRS complexes. It may end spontaneously or degenerate into ventricular fibrillation. It causes significant blood flow compromise and often causes death. |
| Toxic megacolon | A severe complication of several conditions that involves a large dilation of the colon wit possible local bacterial overgrowth. Rupture of the colon is a possibility and has a 50% mortality. Emergency treatment for this condition is necessary and can prevent sepsis, shock, and possibly death. |
| Vestibular | Pertaining to the inner ear apparati in control of body balance. |
| TCA's adr's | antimuscarinic activity can cause blurred vision, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, aggravation of glaucoma and epilepsy |
| Red flags of TCA's | cardiovascular effects due to increased catecholamine activity, slowed atrioventricular conduction & reflex tachycardia in elderly |
| FX of TCA's | inhibit uptake of NE and serotonin and block muscarininc, H1-histaminic, and alpha1-adrenergic receptors |
| What is the 1st line of antidepressents? | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors-SSRI's |
| MOA of SSRI's | Prevent reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic neuron, allowing more serotonin to remain longer in synaptic cleft |
| ADR's of SSRI's | seizures |
| Red Flags of SSRI's | do not take during pregnancy bcuz it increases congenital malformations. Do not use St. Johns Wort while using SSRI's bcuz St.Johns Wort is a SSRI risk of having serotonin syndrome |
| Fx of Monoamine oxidase inhibitors | selegiline targets more specific types of MAO's and is used more in the treatment of parkinson's disease than as an antidepressant, the NE E and serotonin can stay in the synaptic cleft for longer |
| Who takes MOA's? | unresponsive or allergic to TCA's, patients with strong anxiety, low psychomotor activity, phobias, atypical depression |
| What foods to avoid when taking MOA's | Tyramine containing foods such as aged cheeses, chicken liver, beer, and red wines |
| Red flags of MOAI | eating tyramine containing foods while taking them will result in arrhythmias tachycardia and stroke |
| Signs of intercranial bleeding | worst HA of my life, neurcoregenic--can't touch there chin to the chest, physical restricted, no flexibility like they normally do and later projectile vomiting |
| Dopamine reuptake inhibitors fx's | used to treat depression and bupropion is first drug to be approved for treating seasonal affective disorder and Zyban is marketed for use in smoking cessations |
| DRI's work on what primarily? | Dopamine |
| TCA's work on what primarily? | ne and serotonin |
| SSRI's work on what primarily? | serotonin & little on ne |
| which antidepressant has a narrow therapeutic index? | TCA's |
| Opioids used for pain and also... | reducing cough reflex, intractable diarrhea, and illicitly for its euphoric effects |
| MOA of opioids | works as a direct agonist |
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