Ancient History Final Exam
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taylor_elizabeth on June 14, 2010
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Han Dynasty | a dynasty in ancient China that established a centralizaed government, ruled China for 400 yrs |
| Mongols | pastoralists that used warfare, ruled by Genghis Khan |
| Legalism | a Chinese political philisophy based on the idea that a highly efficient & powerful goverment is the key to social order |
| Samurai | professional warriors who served Japanese feudal lords |
| Confucianism | a chinese philosophy where the 5 relationships play a key role |
| Shi Huang Di | the 1st emperor of the Qin dynasty, unified China, halted internal battles, built the Great Wall of China, established autocracy |
| Byzantine Empire | the eastern half of the Roman empire, capital: constantinople, practiced Eastern Orthodox christianity |
| Gold-Salt Trade | played a key role in the success of West African Empires: Ghana, Mali & Songhai |
| Sunnia | one of two subsets of Islam: followers of Muhammad's example, roots split during the Umayyad dynasty over the disagreemtn of the qualifications of being a caliph |
| Shi'a | one of two subsets of Islam: party of Ali, roots during hte Abbasid Dynasty |
| Renaissance | a period of time where there was the rebirth of art and learning, began in Northern Italy |
| Reformation | a movement of religious reform |
| Indulgances | sold by the church because the church needed money, could "buy" your way into heaven |
| Bubonic plague | an illness that spread throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, killed approx. 1/3 of Europe's population |
| Jerusalem | the holy city for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
| Germanic Tribes | a group of people that invaded Europe, greatly contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire |
| Monotheism | belief in one god, examples: Judaism, Christianity, Islam |
| Justinian | a byzantine ruler that wrote the Justinian code, used for 900 years after his death |
| Hagia Sophia | a church that was destroyed in riots that swept across Constantinpole in 532, rebuilt by the Byzantine ruler Justinian, most splendid church in the Christian world |
| Pax Romana | a period of time in the Roman Empire when Rome was at the peak of its power due to successful agriculture, common currency, complex road networks, extensive trade, successful military, and a sound government |
| Swahili Coast | the East Coast of Africa, a major trade network stimulated by the monsoons that brought traders back and forth between Africa & the Arabian Peninsula |
| Monarchy | a form of government where all poilitical power is absolutely or nominally in the hands of a(n) individual(s) |
| Julius Caesar | the 1st emperor of Rome, ruled as an absolute ruler, increased wages for soldiers, created jobs for the poor, expanded the senate, and granted citizenship to many people |
| Abraham | the father of Judaism who led the Jews from Egypt to the "promised land", considered the first prophet of God by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
| Crusades | wars of conquest fought in the name of God, main objective: conquer Jerusalem |
| Cosmopolitan | a city/place or person that embraces its multicultural demographics |
| Timbuktu | a trade city in West Africa that became a center of Islamic learning after the fall of the Ghana empire |
| Tang and Song Dynasty INnovations | ex: pocelain, mechanical clock, printing, gunpowder, paper money, magnetic compass |
| Moksha | the state of perfect understanding of all things, belief in Hinduism, reached when a person understands the relationship between atman and Brahman |
| Atman | belief in Hinduism, the individual soul |
| Brahman | belief in Hinduism, the world soul that contains and unites all atmans |
| Ashoka | Chandragupta's grandson, promoted Buddhism/dhamma in daily life |
| Dhamma | system of rules & values that all Hindus follow in daily life, especially non violence |
| Charlemagne | the "holy roman emperor", crowned so by Pope Leo III, spread Christianity, reunited Western Europe for the 1st time since Rome, set up a strong government, opened monasteries |
| Silk Road | a system of caravan routes across central Asia, along which travelers carried silk & other trade goods, created a "melting pot" of culture |
| West African Empires | Ghanna, Mali, Songhai, gold-salt trade played a huge rule in the success of these empires |
| Monsoons | seasonal winds that brought rain, affected agriculture |
| Mandate of Heaven | just ruler had divine approval, became central to the Chinese view of goverment |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism, followed the 8-fold path, believed in reincarnation, born in foothills of Himalayas in Nepal |
| Karma | good or bad actions in Hinduism that follow you from life to life |
| Chivalry | a code of behavior for knights in Medieval Europe: stressed courage, loyalty, devotion |
| Diaspora | disperal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine |
| Hindu Caste system | Social system of the Aryans who settled in India, divided by skin color |
| Mohammad | unified the arabian peninsula under Islam, skilled religious, politica, military leader |
| Mansa Musa | the strongest of Sundiata's successors, devout Muslim, emperor of Mali |
| Centralized Government | a government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject |
| Torah | the 1st 5 boks of the Bible, the most sacred writings in the Jewish religion |
| Ibn Battuta | a traveler who commented on the various interprestations of Islam |
| 5 Pillars of Islam | 1) Faith/Shahada 2) Prayer/Salat 3) Alms/zakat 4) Fasting/sawm 5) Pilgrimage/hajj |
| Daosim | a philosophy of life founded by Laozi, uses nature as a guilde, follows the "way" |
| Pagan | a person who follows a polytheistc or pre-christian religion |
| Cultural Diffusion | spread of a culture and/or an individual trait |
| Feudalism | the system of political organization prevailing in Europe from the 9th-15th centuries: relation of the lord & the vassal w/ all the land held in fee |
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