Evolve Ch 14 Reproductive System
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ovaries | female sex glands that store the ova (eggs) and produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) |
| Uterus | a hollow muscular organ in which a fertilized egg(s) develop |
| uterine horns | Place where fetuses develop (connects uterus to oviducts) |
| Cervix | is a strong sphincter which closes off the uterus from the vagina |
| Vagina | female passageway for the reproductive and urinary tract to the external environment |
| Vulva | external female genitalia |
| Labia | folds of skin that enclose the vaginal and urethral openings |
| Mammary Glands | produce and secrete milk |
| Colostrum | mother's first milk |
| Oocytes | immature eggs (cells that form ova) |
| ovum (pleural; ova) | mature egg cell |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| Anestrus | absence of estrus (period of ovarian inactivity) |
| Proestrus | preparation of estrus, FSH is released (will attract males, will not allow mating) |
| Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen (produced by the pituitary) |
| Estrus | Period of sexual receptivity, correlated with ovulation, estrogen levels peak and LH is released (will attract and allow mating) |
| Estrogen | a pregnancy hormone that causes females to go into estrus, produced by the ovaries |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH) | produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum & ovulation (In males it stimulates the production of the sex hormone testosterone.) |
| Progesterone (P4) | a pregnancy hormone that inhibits development of other follicles & inhibits production of LH. (produced by the ovaries & CL.) |
| Metestrus | period of the reproductive cycle after sexual receptivity. (beyond/after estrus, CL forms and produces progesterone) |
| Corpus Luteum (CL) | results from rupturing of a follicle during ovulation, becomes a small yellow body that produces progesterone |
| Diestrus | period of ovarian activity without signs of heat (through/across estrus, stage when the corpus luteum has reached its full size and is producing maximum amount of progestrone) |
| prostaglandins (are) | chemicals released by the uterus if the female does NOT conceive, destroying the corpus luteum |
| Monestrous | one estrus per year |
| polyestrous | Multiple estrus per year. |
| Ovariohysterectomy | surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus (spay, OVH, OHE) |
| Pyometra | pus in the uterus |
| Mastitis | inflammation of the mammary glands |
| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus |
| Pseudocyesis | false pregnancy |
| Testes | produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones, testosterone (male gonads) |
| Spermatozoa | contains half of the genetic information needed to create a new animal (mature sperm cells, capable of fertilizing) |
| scrotum | sac containing the testes |
| Epididymis (single tube located over the testes that) | stores sperm |
| Vas Deferens | main duct through which semen is carried from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct |
| Prostate Gland | encircles the urethra and contributes a transparent fluid to semen (that protects sperm from the acidic environment) |
| bulbus glandis | responsible for "tie" (bulb-like enlargement on the shaft of the penis which becomes blood-engorged, and locks (tied) inside the vagina) |
| Eclampsia | condition of low calcium |
| hypocalcemia | abnormally low level of calcium in the blood |
| Flushing | act of increasing feed before breeding |
| Dystocia | difficult birth |
| Meiosis | cell division that produces reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) |
| Spermatogenesis | production of sperm |
| Endometrium | inner lining of the uterus |
| Metritis | inflammation of uterus (uterine tissue) |
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