| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896- Upheld Separate but equal facilities |
| Southern "Justice" | Refers to Lynchings |
| Guinn v. Oklahoma | 1915- Struck down the Grandfather Clause |
| Pitchfork Ben Tillman | "One crime that warrants lynching... I would lead a mob to lynch a Negro who ravished a white woman" |
| Senator James Vardaman | "Education simply renders him unfit for the work of the white man... the only effect is to spoil a good field hand and make him a cook." |
| Race Riots | Ex: Detroit in 1943 |
| A. Philip Randolph | 1941- Threatened a "Negro march" on washington in protest of segregation` |
| Double Victory | Victory abroad in WW2 and victory over racism back home |
| Dorie Miller | Black cook at Pearl Harbor who shot down a couple of Japanese airplanes without any training. |
| CORE | Congress of Racial Equality- active during CR Movement, sponsored Freedom Rides in 1961 |
| Truman | "To Secure these Rights" |
| 1947 | Desegregation of armed forces |
| Dixiecrats | Southern Democrats split in 1948 and formed Democrats and Dixies nominated Strom Thurmond picked up 39 votes |
| Jackie Robinson | broke the color barrier in the MLB for the Brooklyn Dodgers #42 |
| 1966 | Texas Western defeated Kentucky for NCAA national championship; Texas Western had all black starting five |
| Smith v. Alwright | 1944- Court struck down "white Primary" |
| Sweatt v. Painter | 1950- dealt with the law school at UT |
| McLauren v. Oklahoma | 1951- dealt with the Grad program at Oklahoma University |
| Thurgood marshall | First African-American to serve on the Supreme Court |
| Earl Warren | 1953- Chief Justice appointed by Eisenhower; more liberal than expected |
| Brown v. Board of Education | 1954- Overturned plessy stance and declared "separate but equal" unconsitutional |
| Kenneth Clark | "give me the color doll experiment" |
| Brown II | 1955- desegregation would begin with "all deliberate speed" |
| White Citizen's Council | formed to oppose the Brown v. Board ruling |
| Southern Manifesto | 1956- 19/22 senators and 82/106 reps oppose the brown ruling |
| Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States | 1964- Upheld Civil Rights act of 1964 |
| Katzenbach v. United States | 1966- Upheld Voting Rights act of 1965 |
| Emmett Till | Killed in Chicago because he said "bye baby" |
| J. Edgar Hoover | Director of FBI tapped MLK's phones and said he was a threat |
| Central High School | 1957-Little Rock school ordered to desegregate but then Arkansas National Guard came; Eisenhower didn't really believe in Civil Rights but hated disobeyers |
| Greensboro Sit-Ins | 1960- Students at North Carolina AT&T were tired of segregation at Woolworth's Diner |
| Freedom Rides | 1961- traveled on buses across the South to protest segregation on busing |
| George Wallace | Governor of Alabama; anti-segregationist |
| Bull Connor | brutal and racist Police Chief in Alabama |
| August 1963 | King's march on washington where he gave his I have a Dream Speech- 200,000 protesters came |
| LBJ | genuinely believed in civil rights |
| Civil Rights act of 1964 | Banned racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public |
| 1964- 24th Amendment | Poll tax obliterated |
| Freedom Summer of 1964 | N. Whites came to S. to register blacks to vote |
| June 1964 | Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney Civil rights workers bodies were found beaten |
| 1965 | march on Selma; state troopers attacked King and marchers |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Gave federal protection for blacks attempting to exercise their voting right |
| Before Voting Rights Act of 1965 | in Selma 60% of pop. is black only 1% were registered to vote |
| After Voting Rights Act of 1965 | in Selma 60% of pop is black; more than 1/2 of S. Adult blacks were registered |
| Long Hot Summers | Riots in black neighborhoods in N. cities |
| Malcolm X | Adopted Islam; thought Christianity was hypocritical |
| Malcolm X | "We're nonviolent with people who are nonviolent with us. But are not nonviolent with anyone who is violent against us." |
| Black Panthers | Huey Newton and Bobby Seale; Quasi-military organization donning leather jackets , black berets, and brandising guns |
| April 4, 1968 | James Earl Ray killed MLK; King's children later forgave Ray before he died |
| Legal Lynchings | Speedy but unfair trials of black defendants being tried and convicted by all-white juries |
| Understanding Clauses | more complicated literacy tests- interpret a certain section of the Mississippi State Constitution |
Combine with other sets
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