Final Study Questions - 2
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Created by:
buffyfan90 on June 18, 2010
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Plant Diversity
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the basic definition of a plant? | - Autotrophic! - Cell walls! - Storage material is starch! - Bodies made of three organ types! - Haplodiplontic life cycle! • Two multicellular stages! - They have tissues which develop from apical meristems! |
| Which plants have homeospores? | Producing a single type of sporangium, which in turn produces a single type of spore. Gametophytes of homosporous plants may be bisexual, with both male and female gametangia, as in ferns, or unisexual, as in most mosses. Homosporous plants include liverworts, mosses, hornworts, Lycopodium, most of Pterophyta, and horsetails. |
| Which plants have heterospores? | Producing two morphologically distinct types of sporangia (megasporangia and microsporangia) that produce two distinct types of spores (megaspores and microspores), which develProducing two morphologically distinct types of sporangia (megasporangia and microsporangia) that produce two distinct types of spores (megaspores and microspores), which develop into separate male and female gametophytes (i.e., unisexual gametophytes). Heterosporous plants include heterosporous ferns, "gymnosperms," and flowering plants.op into separate male and female gametophytes |
| Which plants have vascular tissues? | Pteridophytes All flowering and seed bearing, fruit bearing plants,angiosperms have vascular tissue . All gymnosperms / conifers have vascular tissue . |
| Which plants have seeds? | All of them except Pterophytes |
| Which plants have cones? | Phylum Coniferophyta |
| Which plants have flowers? | Anthophyta |
| What are the major trends seen in the evolution of the land plants? | - True organs -Dominant generation -Dependency on water -size and complexity |
| What are the challenges of dry land that these plants encountered during their evolution? | Epidermal secretions - cuticle Transport tissues - Xylem and Phloem |
| Describe in detail the haplodiplontic life cycle. | In sporic meiosis (also commonly known as intermediary meiosis), the zygote divides mitotically to produce a multicellular diploid "sporophyte". The sporophyte creates spores via meiosis which also then divide mitotically producing haploid individuals called "gametophytes". Gametophytes now produce gametes via mitosis. In many plants the gametophyte is not only small-sized but also short-lived. In the whole cycle, gametes are usually the only haploid cells, and mitosis usually occurs only in the diploid phase. |
| What are the dominant stages of each plant phylum? | Byrophyte - Gametophyte is the dominant stage Pterophyte - dominant plant phase is the sporophyte Gymnosperm - sporophyte is dominant Angiosperm- sporophyte as dominant stage. |
| Describe the structure of both the sporophyte and gametophyte of Byrophyta | Perrenial gametophyte - apical meristem Dioecious gametophytes - male and female gametophyte - no xylem or phloem sporophyte - dependant on gametophyte has foot/seta/sporangium |
| Compare and contrast the seeds of the gymnosperms and angiosperms | Gymnosperms have seeds that are unprotected by an ovary or fruit. The word is greek and means Naked Seed. Conifers, cycads and ginko biloba trees are gymnosperms. Angiosperms are the opposite and pretty much covers everything else, such as herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses and most trees. |
| Compare and contrast the structure of monocots and dicots. | Monocot - x3 Peta;s 1 Cotycedon Dicot - x4/x5 Petals 2 Cotycedon |
| Three Major Groups | - Bryophytes! • Bryophyta - mosses! - Seedless vascular plants! • Pterophyta - ferns! - Seed plants! • Coniferophyta - conifers! • Anthophyta - flowering plants |
| Which plants do not have vascular tissue? | Mosses and liverworts have no vascular tissue which can be compared with vascular tissue of the plants mentioned above So these are called 'Non-Vascular plants.' Algae and Fungi have no vascular tissue at all |
| Homeosporous vs Heterosporous | The principal difference between homospory and heterospory is the separation of sexes at different points in the life cycle. Nevertheless, the evolutionary implications of this difference are profound. For example, seed plants, which have female gametes in ovules and male gametes in pollen grains, must show some differentiation of male and female gametophytes. Furthermore, an earlier (in the life cycle) separation of the sexes can be regarded as a division of labor, a common theme of evolutionary advancement. It may also be that heterospory promotes outcrossing among plants, since microspores may drift farther from the sporophyte than megaspores. |
| Describe the structure of both the sporophyte and gametophyte of Pterophyta | Perrenial Sporophyte Long-lived sporophyte Independant gametophyte Short-lived gametophyte - thallus -small and photosynthetic Hormonal sex determination - hermaphroditic gametophyte - antheridiogen -male gametophyte |
| Describe the structure of both the sporophyte and gametophyte of Anthophyta | Two major groups of sporophytes - monocots and dicots -- embryos, leaf venation and stem vascular tissue Angiosperm Sporangia contained in a flower - Stamen - microsporangia (male) - coat/2 sperm cells - Carpel - megasportangia (female) - no archegonia/egg |
| Describe the structure of both the sporophyte and gametophyte of Coniferophyta | Gymnosperm Cones - Pollen cone - microsporangia --microsporophylls -Ovulate cone - megasporangia --megasporophylls Sporophyte - long lived Megagametophyte - dependant/nutrition source Microgametophyte - coat/2 sperm cells |
| The Seed plants | Heterosporous spore production - Mega/micro Dioecious gametophyte - very small/dependant Ovule develops in the seed - fertilization Pollen grain - carries sperm |
| Vascular Plants | Sporophyte Dominant - long lived/mostly perrennial Roots/Shoots/Leaves Three tissue types Three cell types |
| Three tissue types | Ground - Connective Dermal - Epithelium Vascular - Unique |
| 3 cell types of Ground Tissue | Parenchyma Collenchyma Schlerenchyma |
| 2 cell types of Vascular Tissue | Xylem - Transports minerals and Water Phloem - Tranports Sugars and foods |
| Sporophytes | produces spores by meiosis. Multicellular, diploid - Grow from zygote Function -Sporangium |
| Gametophytes | produces male or female gametes (or both) by mitosis Multicellular, haploid -grow from spores -never have vascular tissue Function -Gametangia -- archegonia (female) and Antheridia (male) angiosperms where the female gametophyte (embryo sac) is known as a megagametophyte and the male gametophyte (pollen) is called a microgametophyte. |
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