Human muscular system - head, neck, & trunk
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Created by:
chungdanield on June 20, 2010
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22 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Corrugator supercilii |  Small muscle. Activity associated with that of orbicularis oculi. Origin: arch of frontal bone above nasal bone. Insertion: skin of eyebrow. Action: draws eyebrow medially, inferiorly, wrinkles skin of forehead vertically. |
| Levator labii superioris | Thin muscle between orbicularis oris, inferior eye margin. Origin: zygomatic bone, infraorbital margin of maxilla. Insertion: skin, muscle of upper lip and border of nostril. Action: raises, furrows upper lip. Opens lips. |
| Buccinator | Principal muscle of cheek. Runs horizontally, deep to masseter. Origin: molar region of maxilla, mandible. Insertion: orbicularis oris. Action: draws corner of mouth laterally. Compresses cheek (as in whistling). Holds food between teeth during chewing. |
| Risorius | Slender muscle. Runs inferior, lateral to zygomaticus. Origin: fascia of masseter muscle. Insertion: skin at angle of mouth. Action: draws corner of lip laterally. Tenses lip. Zygomaticus synergist. |
| Mentalis | One of muscle pair forming V-shaped muscle mass on chin. Origin: mandible below incisors. Insertion: skin of chin. Action: protrudes lower lip. Wrinkles chin. |
| Depressor labii inferioris | Small muscle from lower lip to mandible. Origin: body of mandible lateral to its midline. Insertion: skin and muscle of lower lip. Action: draws lower lip inferiorly. |
| Depressor anguli oris | Small muscle lateral to depressor labii inferioris. Origin: body of mandible below incisors. Insertion: skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus. Action: zygomaticus antagonist. Draws corners of mouth downward and laterally. |
| Occipitalis/occipital belly | Epicranius. Bipartite muscle consisting of frontal and occipital parts, which covers dome of skull. Origin: occipital and temporal bones. Insertion: galea aponeurotica. Action: occipital belly fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly. |
| Orbicularis oculi | Tripartite sphincter muscle of eyelids. Origin: frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit. Insertion: encircles orbit and inserts in tissue of eyelid. Action: various parts can be activated individually. Closes eye. Produces blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly. |
| Zygomaticus | Extends diagonally from corner of mouth to cheekbone. Origin: zygomatic bone. Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth. Action: raises lateral corners of mouth upward (smiling muscle). |
| Masseter | Covers lateral aspect of mandibular ramus. Can be palpated on forcible closure of jaws. Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla. Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible. Action: closes jaw and elevates mandible. |
| Temporalis | Fan-shaped muscle lying over parts of frontal, parietal, and temporal bones. Origin: temporal fossa. Insertion: coronoid process of mandible. Action: closes jaw. Elevates and retracts mandible. |
| Orbicularis oris | Multilayered muscle of lips with fibers that run in many different directions, mostly circularly. Origin: arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible. Fibers blended with fibers of other muscles associated with lips. Insertion: encircles mouth. Inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth. Action: closes mouth. Purses and protrudes lips (kissing and whistling muscle). |
| Frontalis/frontal belly | Epicranius. Bipartite muscle consisting of frontal and occipital parts, which covers dome of skull. Origin: galea aponeurotica (cranial aponeurosis). Insertion: skin of eyebrows and root of nose. Action: with aponeurosis fixed, frontal belly raises eyebrows. |
| Sternothyroid | Lateral and deep to sternohyoid. Origin: posterior surface of manubrium. Insertion: thyroid cartilage of larynx. Action: acting with sternohyoid and omohyoid (all inferior to hyoid bone), depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed. May also flex skull. |
| Sternocleidomastoid | 2-headed muscle located deep to platysma on anterolateral surface of neck. Fleshy parts on either side indicate limits of anterior and posterior triangles of neck. Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavical. Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone. Action: simultaneous contraction of both muscles of pair causes flexion of neck forward, generally against resistance. |
| Sternocleidomastoid (cont.) | Acting independently, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side. |
| Stylohyoid | Slender muscle parallels posterior border of digastric. Below angle of jaw. Origin: styloid process of temporal. Insertion: hyoid bone. Action: elevates and retracts hyoid bone. |
| Sternohyoid | Runs most medially along neck. Straplike. Origin: manubrium and medial end of clavical. Insertion: lower margin of body of hyoid bone. Action: acting with sternothyroid and omohyoid (all inferior to hyoid bone), depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed. May also flex skull. |
| Omohyoid | Straplike with 2 bellies. Lateral to sternohyoid. Origin: superior surface of scapula. Insertion: hyoid bone. Inferior border. acting with sternothyroid and sternohyoid (all inferior to hyoid bone), depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed. May also flex skull. |
| Platysma | Unpaired muscle. Thin, sheetlike superficial neck muscle, not strictly a head muscle. Also plays role in facial expression. Origin: fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles) and deltoid. Action: depresses mandible. Pulls lower lip back an down (i.e. produces downward sag of the mouth). |
| Mylohyoid | Just deep to digastric. Forms floor of mouth. Origin: medial surface of mandible. Insertion: hyoid bone and median raphe. Action: elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue during swallowing. |
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