Music

Terms	Definitions
A simple and more familiar type of canon is called	round
Meter is an organizing principle shared by music and poetry	true
Traditional music of the Far East is largely	monophonic
Most large musical ensembles use a conductor in order to perform together	True
A short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern repeated throughout a musical work is called an ostinato	True
Which of the following terms describes a concordant or agreeable combination of tones	consonant
The smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-rhythmic unit is called	motive
A musical form based on statement, departure, and a restatement of the first idea is called binary form	false
Describe the organ	Sound is created when air flows through pipes controlled by the organist, Some organs have more than one keyboard, including one played by the feet The sound of an organ can be imitated by electric keyboards and synthesizers
Ternary form is best outlined as A-B-A	true
The procedure in which a melodic idea is presented in one voice and then restated in another is called	Imitation
A heterophonic texture frequently occurs in music involving improvisation, such as jazz	true
Which of the following would be classified as an unpitched percussion instrument	bass drum
The striking emotional effect created by the high point in a melodic line is called	The climax
When a piece of music begins on the last beat of a measure, it is said to begin with	an upbeat
Which marking is appropriate for a slow tempo	adagio
The percussion family is comprised of a variety of instruments that are made to sound by	striking or shaking:
The trumpet is the lowest in pitch of the brass family	False
The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra by Britten is based on a dance tune by Beethoven	False
Meter is the measurement of musical time	True
A melody combined with an ornamented version of itself, often heard in jazz, produces a texture known as	heterophony
Harmonic movement is generated by motion toward a goal or resolution	True
Disjunct motion describes melodies that skip in disjointed intervals	True
The special effect produced on a string instrument by plucking the string with the finger is called	pizzicato
The guitar is most likely of African origin	False
Flutes and whistles are classified as idiophones	False
Most compositions use one type of texture exclusively	False
Which of the following is a double reed instrument	the oboe
Forms are fixed molds into which composers force their material	False
Which of the following songs is in compound meter	Rock-a-bye Baby
Which historical event did NOT take place in the Renaissance	the writing of the Magna Carta
The singing leader in Jewish religious services is called	the cantor
A key refers to a group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, toward which the tones gravitate	True
The Renaissance saw the growth of solo instrumental music, especially for lute and keyboard instruments	True
The term a cappella refers to choral music performed_______ .	without any instrumental accompaniment
The texts for madrigals are generally drawn from the fixed poetic meters	False
The raga, or scale pattern Bhimpalasi, varies in its ascending and descending forms	True
Which religious figure is praised in the text of Hildegard's Alleluia, O virga mediatrix	the Virgin Mary
Who is the Greek god of music?	Apollo
Women poet-musicians in southern France were called Minnesingers	False
The overall form of the Kyrie to Du Fay's L'homme arme Mass is ternary, or A-B-A	True
The upper voice parts of the Pope Marcellus Mass were sung by boy sopranos or adult males with high voices	True
The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until resolved	True
The three most important triads used in diatonic harmony are	I, IV, and V
The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is the Magnificat	False
Instruments participated in the performance of madrigals, either by doubling or by substituting for a vocal line	True
The raga, or scale pattern Bhimpalasi, varies in its ascending and descending forms	True
Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion	Palestrina
Renaissance painters preferred symbolism to realism	False
The service in the Roman Catholic Church that symbolically reenacts the sacrifice of Christ is	the Mass
what does NOT describe Gabrieli's O quam suavis:	a cappella performance
The High Middle Ages witnessed	the building of great cathedrals,the founding of universities, and the rise of the bourgeoisie
In addition to composing music, Hildegard of Bingen is known for:	visions that foretold the future, founding her own convent and writing religious poetry
The value we place on music today is part of our ancient heritage	True
The vivid depiction of the text through music, known as word painting, is a hallmark of	the madrigal
Although feudal society was male-dominated, the status of women was raised by prevailing attitudes of chivalry and devotion to the cult of the Virgin Mary	True
Which of the following characterizes Monteverdi's madrigal Ecco mormorar l'onde	careful musical pictorialization of specific images
Which was NOT a function of secular music in medieval court life	devotional services
Claudio Monteverdi's career spanned both the Renaissance and Baroque periods	True
A key refers to a group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, toward which the tones gravitate	True
The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until resolved	True
A sharp will lower the tone by a half step	False
Which of the following does NOT make frequent use of pentatonic scales	Western art music
Mout me fu grief/Robin m'aime/Portare has three voices, each with the same text	True
After the Protestant revolt of the early sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church responded with a movement to recapture the loyalty of its people	This was known as: the Counter-Reformation
Which of the following was a lively circle or line dance, often performed outdoors	ronde
In Western music, the octave is divided into how many equal intervals	twelve
During the late sixteenth century, the principal center for polychoral singing was	St: Mark's of Venice
Secular music in the Renaissance was performed only by professional musicians	False
What characterizes the minor scale	It has a lowered third degree
A setting of plainchant with many notes per syllable is called syllabic	False
What characterizes humanism	thinking centered on human issues and individuality, inspiration from the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, and independence from traditional and religion
Instruments participated in the performance of madrigals, either by doubling or by substituting for a vocal line	True
The earliest operas took their plots from	Greek mythology
The overall form of the Kyrie to Du Fay's L'homme arme Mass is ternary, or A-B-A	True
Bach wrote his Musical Offering for	Frederick the Great:
Dido's lament from Purcell's Dido and Aeneus is a da capo aria	True
The three main keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ, and piano	False
The libretoo for Handel's oratorio Messiah is a compilation of verses from the Bible	True
Bach completed just over one hundred cantatas in his lifetime	False
The French rondeau led directly to the rondo of the eighteenth century	True
The Renaissance saw the growth of solo instrumental music, especially for lute and keyboard instruments	True
What Baroque genre was the direct ancestor of the symphony	sonata da camera
During the late sixteenth century, the principal center for polychoral singing was	St: Mark's of Venice
Which of the following is noted as a reformer of eighteenth-century opera	Gluck
The approximate dates of the Baroque period are	1600-1750
Which does NOT characterize an oratorio	elaborate scenery
The expansion and reworking of a theme within a composition is called thematic development	True
All of the following are fast, lively dance types EXCEPT	the sarabande
Religion remained a driving force behind power struggles in the Baroque era	True
Johann Sebastian Bach lived a short, unhappy life and had no children	False
An early American polyphonic setting of a psalm or hymn in an imitative style is called	a fuging tune
The upper voice parts of the Pope Marcellus Mass were sung by boy sopranos or adult males with high voices	True
In earlier times, a composer's choice of key for a piece depended largely on the capabilities of the instruments for which it was intended	True
Vivaldi lived and worked in	Venice
Bach's passions are musical setting of the account of the Crucifixion by one of the four Evangelists	True
As a reaction to the grandiose gesture of the Baroque, the Rococo style was a miniature and ornate art aimed at enchantment of the senses	True
The harpsichord is different from the piano because	it usually has two keyboards, rather than one, its strings are plucked rather than struck, it is not capable of a wide dynamic range
During the Baroque era, some boy singers were castrated to preserve the high register of their voices, allowing them to sing high-pitched operatic roles	True
The term trio sonata refers to the number of parts, or musical lines, rather than the number of players	True
Jean-Joseph Mouret died a celebrated, wealthy artistic hero	False
A theme may be fragmented by dividing it into smaller units called_____	motives
Late in life, Handel turned his efforts from opera to	the oratorio
It was through the musical innovations of the __________ that opera was born	Florentine Camerata
Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion	Palestrina
The group of early Baroque writers, artists, and musicians whose aim was to resurrect the musical drama of ancient Greece was known as	The Florentine Camerata
Secular music in the Renaissance was performed only by professional musicians	False
Claudio Monteverdi's career spanned both the Renaissance and Baroque periods	True
In the Baroque era, music centered on frequent changes of mood	True
Which best describes how Baroque musicians made a living	as servants to royalty or nobility, as members of the church, and as employees of a free city
Which two instruments would most likely have played the basso continuo in the Baroque era	cello and harpsichord
A fugue is a form exclusively for solo keyboard performance	False
What is NOT a major choral work by Bach	Messiah
The Baroque era was an age of political freedom and democracy	False
A sinfonia is a short instrumental passage that facilitates scene changes	True
In London, Handel composed operas in Italian	True
In opera, the lyric melodies that release emotional tension are called recitatives	False
A short phrase repeated over and over in the bass is called	a ground bass
What is the typical form of a Scarlatti sonata	one-movement binary form
The opening movement of Bach's cantata A Mighty Fortress Is Our God is best described as	a fugal chorale
The orchestra plays a prominent role in the second movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No	2: False
Which best describes the form of the final love duet in The Coronation of Poppea	A-B-B-A, with ground bass
The French overture is composed in three sections	False
What is the form of the individual movements in a suite	binary
Barbara Strozzi was probably trained as a courtesan, in singing, lute playing, and writing poetry	True
What does NOT characterize Vivaldi's concertos The Four Seasons	They avoid ritornello form
While playing the basso continuo, musicians in the Baroque era improvised on the figured bass	True
The chaconne is a variation form based on a repeated succession of harmonies	True
The role of the chorus was especially important in the oratorio	True
The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is the Magnificat	False
Purcell's opera, Dido and Aeneus, was composed for	a girls' school production in Chelsy:
Corelli's trio sonatas served as models for the establishment of the church and chamber sonata	True
In a fugue, the areas of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called	episodes
The only basic rule of theme and variations form is that the theme must always be easily heard	False
The instrument which Mozart played and for which he wrote many concertos was	the piano:
The American Declaration of Independence reflects the intellectual climate of the Classical era	True
Mozart is remembered today as________	the most gifted child prodigy in the history of music
Which best describes the form of the first movement of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik	sonata-allegro
In the nineteenth-century symphony, the minuet was often replaced by the scherzo	True
The classical attitude toward art is considerably more objective than the Romantic	True
Modern scientists have shown that listening to Mozart	helps with solving math problems
The famous four-note figure at the beginning of Beethoven's Symphony No 5 is best described as	a motive
Ancient people (the Greeks and Romans, especially) believed that music had no effect on the body	False
A string quartet consists of	2 violins, viola, and cello
The three main sections of sonata-allegro form are the exposition, development, and	recapitulation
The Classical string quartet literature follows the same basic formal design as the symphony and sonata	True
What best describes the opening of the first movement of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik	a march-like character
Romantic elements can be found in the late works of Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven	True
In sonata-allegro form, the section that features the most tension and drama through modulation and motivic interplay is called	the development
Mozart was consistently supported by Vienna's most important patrons	False
The harmony of the Classical-era composers was largely chromatic	False
The term multimovement cycle is applied not only to sonatas and chamber music but also to concertos and symphonies	True
The percussion section of a modern orchestra includes a number of instruments of Turkish origin	True
The first movement of a Classical concerto features sonata-allegro form with	a double exposition
In the first movement of a Classical concerto, there is usually a double exposition	True
Beethoven, like Mozart, wrote music very quickly and with great ease	False
Mozart's Symphony No 40 in G minor can be viewed as Romantic in spirit	True
Beethoven opposed democracy in favor of the rule of a strong leader	False
The third movement of a Classical symphony is most frequently in	minuet and trio form
How many movements were typical of pre-Classical symphonies	three
In Haydn's time, the trumpet had not yet advanced beyond the natural form of the instrument with no valves	True
In Haydn's The Creation, the soloists include three archangels Gabriel, Uriel, and Raphael	True
Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op27, No: 2, was subtitled "Moonlight" by______	the poet Rellstab shortly after the composer's death
How is the melody of Schubert's Lied The Trout used in the quintet of the same name	It is the basis of a theme and variations movement
The __________ accompanies the baritone voice in the Tuba mirum section of Mozart's Requiem	trombone
A trouser role is sung by a man in eighteenth-century opera	False
The Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major, composed in 1796, was Haydn's last orchestral work	True
Turkish percussion instruments can be heard in Beethoven's Symphony No_____	9
Mozart's Requiem was sung in a worldwide memorial for the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States	True
Which character in Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is best described as a young, innocent man who is in love with love	Cherubino
Who was Haydn's principal patron	Prince Esterhazy
The music of which composer inspired Haydn to write an oratorio	Handel
In the Classical era, the sonata was intended for professional musicians only	False
Haydn's orchestras in London were smaller than his earlier ensembles	False
The career of Joseph Haydn spanned the years from the formation of the Classical style to the beginning of Romanticism	True
The Janissary band was	a Turkish military ensemble
Mozart wrote his piano concertos primarily for his own public performances	True
The text of the Ode to Joy, set as the finale of Beethoven's Symphony No 9, is by	Schiller
The last movement of Mozart's Sonata in A major, K 331, is inspired by music from which country	Turkey
The first movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto in G major, K 453, is monothematic	False
Of the following, which characterizes Maria Theresa Paradis	woman virtuoso pianist, student of Mozart, blind since birth
Unlike Mozart, Beethoven used sketchbooks to work out musical ideas	True
Mozart's librettist for The Marriage of Figaro was	Lorenzo da Ponte
In depicting "Chaos" at the beginning of The Creation, Haydn	composes a dramatic C-minor overture
Beethoven belonged to a generation of artists who were influenced by the full impact of:	the French Revolution
Beethoven's famous Moonlight Sonata has _______ movements	three
The early Classical symphony was characterized by quickly ascending themes with a strong rhythmic drive	These are known as: rocket themes
In the nineteenth century, the Mass was performed only in church	False
The first movement of a symphony is usually in	sonata-allegro form
During the Classical era, the prevalent form of opera that occupied itself mainly with the affairs of nobility and Greek legends was	opera seria
A typical feature of a concerto is a free solo passage without orchestral accompaniment called	the cadenza
Comic opera was generally in the language of the audience or in the vernacular	True
Beethoven and Mozart wrote duo sonatas that treated the two instruments as nearly equal partners	True
What is the form of the last movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto in G major, K 453	sonata
The fourth movement of a Classical symphony is usually quicker and lighter than the first movement	True
Beethoven's Battle Symphony pays tribute to	Wellington's victory over Napoleon:
What is unusual about Beethoven's Symphony No 5	There is no break between the third and fourth movements
The text for the Dies irae is a poem in 3-line rhymed verses	True
Rapid-fire, talky singing whose primary function is to advance the plot in an opera is called	recitative
The terzetta, or trio, from Act I of The Marriage of Figaro is in rondo form	False
Opera buffa was typically serious in tone, with plots dealing with historical or legendary figures	False
In the Classical concerto, the marking of andante or adagio would most likely apply to the third movement	False
Using material from an earlier movement in a symphony is called	cyclical form
Schubert set his Trout Quintet in the standard four-movement structure	False
The form of the first movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op 27, No 2	is a modified song form
In the latter part of the eighteenth century, new opera types were devised that featured naturalness and simplicity	True
Beethoven achieved much acclaim during his lifetime and died a famous and revered composer	True
The establishment of a four-movement cycle for the symphony is generally credited to the London school of composers	False
The sonata is an instrumental work in one movement for one or two solo instruments	False
Beethoven was unable to compose music after he became deaf	False
Who wrote Kyrie," from the L'homme Armé Mass	Guillaume Du Fay
What year was Guillaume Du Fay born	1397
What year did Du Fay die	1474
What is the significance of Kyrie	This movement, which is the opening movement of the mass, is divided into three sections based on the text. Each section begins with 3 of the 4 voice parts; the tenor joins later and has the slower moving fixed tune (cantus firmus)
cantus firmus	"fixed melody", usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance
Who wrote "Gloria," from Pope Marcellus Mass	Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
What year was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina born	1525
What year did Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina die	1594
What is the significance of Gloria	Monophonic chant opening, Changes of density and texture set in various registers, A cappella performance, Clearly audible text set syllabically, Alternation of homorhythmic and polyphonic textures, Full, consonant harmony
polyphonic	all parts sing different notes or rhythms at the same time
monophonic	single melodic line without supporting harmonies
homorythmic	where all the voices move in the same rythm
Who wrote Fair Phyllis	John Farmer
What year was John Farmer born	fl 1591
What year did John Farmer die	1601
Who wrote A Mighty Fortress is our God or Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott	Johann Sebastian Bach
What year was Bach born	1685
What year did Bach die	1750
What is significance of Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott	imitative treatment of the familiar tune in all voice parts and in the trumpets. Dense polyphonic texture created between chorus and orchestra for each line of text, Canon on chorale tune heard in the instruments , played in augmentation
Cannon	Same sequence as someone else but one beat after.
Augmentation	the statement of a theme in notes of greater duration (usually twice the length of the original)
Who wrote "Spring" from the Four Seasons	Antonio Vivaldi
What year was Antonio Vivaldi born	1678
What year did Antonio Vivaldi die	1741
What is the significance of Spring from the four seassons	Musical pictorialization of images of spring, based on the poem, Virtuosity of solo violin part, with fast-running scales and trills. Recurring theme
ritornello	short recurring instrumental passage found in both the aria and the Baroque concerto
trill	a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it
Who wrote Water Music in D Major	George Frideric Handel
What year was Handel born	1685
What year did Handel die	1759
What is significant about Spring from The Four Seasons	tenary form, section with dotted rhythms, followed by a return of the opening material, Fanfare-like opening with quick exchanges between brass and strings. Percussion (timpani) added to orchestra.
ternary form:	3 part form. The piece divides into 3 parts of which the 3rd is an exact repeat, or almost so, of the first part
binary form	a musical form consisting of two units (A and B) constructed to balance and complement each other
fanfare	a short lively tune played on brass instruments
Who wrote String Quartet in D minor, Op. 76, No. 2 Quinten), Fourth Movement	Joseph Haydn
What year was Joseph Haydn born	1732
What year did Hayden die	1809
What is the significance of String Quartet in D minor, Op. 76, No. 2 Quinten), Fourth Movement	Folklike character, with strongly syncopated dance rhythms, Opening theme introduced by first violin, stated in 2 parts, each repeated (A-A-B-B), First violin dominates the melody throughout, Shift from opening minor key (D minor) to brighter, major key (D major)
minor key	a piece of music based in the minor scale, with a sad or haunting sound
major key	a piece of music based in the major scale, Scale built on thee formula of two whole steps, one half step, three whole steps, one half step.
syncopation	temporary irregularity in musical rhythm
Who wrote Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
What year was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born	1756
What year did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart die	1791
What is the significance of Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music)	Sonata-Allegro form, Intimate string chamber music style. Quick-paced movement with 3 themes, sonata-allegro form Overall homophonic texture. First theme is disjunt, marchlike, and ascends quickly (rocket theme); second theme, graceful and conjunct.
Sonata Allegro	Classical period, dramatic musical form involving exposition, development, and recapitulation, with optional introduction and coda
Rocket theme	quickly ascending rhythmic melody used in Classical-era instrumental music; the technique is credited to the composers in Mannheim, Germany
Homophonic	musical texture which focuses on a single melody with accompaning harmonies (mainly chordal)
Disjunct	progressing melodically by intervals larger than a major second
Conjunct	melody that moves in stepwise motion without major skips and leaps between the intervals, Smooth, connected melody that moves principally in stepwise motion,
pitch	the highness or lowness of a particular sound
Frequency	number of vibrations per second.
Amplitude	volume or loudness of sound
Melody	the tune in music, a sequence of moving pitches that create thought
Range	span of pitches
Contours	general shape of a melody.
Intervals	distances between any two pitches of a melody.
Phrase	a unit that makes up a melody
Counter melody	a melody accompanied by a second melody
Cadence	the point where the musician takes a deep breath, the punctuation for music.
Rhythm	the movement of music in time.
Beat	the basic unit of rhythm.
downbeat	first beat of any patter
upbeat	the last beat of a measure
offbeat	a weak beat
meter	the organized pattern of rhythmic pulses
Duple meter	a simple marching meter (left-right-left-right)
Triple meter	a simple meter that has three beats to a measure and is often used for waltzes
Quadruple Meter	a simple that has four beats to a measure with the primary accent on first beat and second strongest on the third
Compound meters	a meter where the beat is divided into three
Measure	what marks of meter, contains a fixed number of beats
Harmony	a term used to describe simultaneous events in music, also the movement of one chord to the next
Chord	three or more notes all sound together at once.
Octave	interval of eight notes
Scale	group of eight pitches arranged in ascending and descending order
Triad	a combination of three notes or tones
tonic note	the first note of a scale or key, also called a keynote
Dsonance	a combination of tones that are dcordant
Dcordant	a combination of tones that need to be resolved
Consonance	The resolving of dsonance, notes are pleasing to the ears
Drone	the sustained sounding of one or more tones for harmonic support, common in Asian and folk music
Counterpoint	the combination of two or more simultaneous melodic lines
strophic form	melody repeated with each stanza
Grave	solemn or very, very slow.
Largo	broad or very slow
Adagio	quite slow.
Andante	a walking pace.
Moderato	of course moderate.
Allegro	a fast or cheerful pace.
Vivace	a lively pace.
Presto	very fast.
Molto	very.
Meno	less.
Poco	a little.
Non troppo	not too much
Piansimo (pp	very soft.
Piano (p)	very soft
Mezzo piano(mp)	moderately soft
Forte(ff)	loud
Mezzo forte(mf)	moderately loud.
Fortsimo(ff)	a very loud piece of music.
Sforzando	to accent a single note or cord
Aerophones:	instruments that produce sound by using air., horns, bagpipes, whistles and accordions.
Chordophones:	produce sound from vibrating sting that is stretched between two separate points, Violins, sitars, guitars, harps and Chinese yangquins
Idiophone	instrument that produces sound by vibration of materials they are made of
Membranophone	instrument that makes sound when its stretched membrane is struck or rubbed

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