AP:S Ch 3 Cell Structure and Function
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34 terms
Sundanese | English |
|---|---|
| active transport |  membrane transport process that requires cellular energy |
| diffusion | movement of atoms, ions, or molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration |
| meiosis | type of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced to one half the number found in a body cell; results in the formation of an egg or sperm |
| mitosis | process by which the nucleus of a body cell divides to form two new cells, each identical to the parent cell |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | membrane transport process that does not require cellular energy |
| phagocytosis | cell eating |
| pinocytosis | cell drinking |
| cell membrane | separates the extracellular material from the intracellular material |
| cytoplasm | gel-like fluid inside the cell |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| chromatin | long, slender, filamentous thread within the nucleus, contain DNA |
| nucleolus | dense region of RNA in the nucleus and the site of ribosome formation |
| mitochondria | elongated, oval, fluid-filled sacs in cytoplasm; production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| ribosomes | small granules of RNA in cytoplasm; function in protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transport of molecules |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | has ribosomes associated with it and transports proteins |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | doesn't have ribosomes and it transports certain lipids |
| golgi apparatus | 4-6 flattened membranous sacs located near nucleus; modifies substances and prepares them for secretion |
| lysosomes | contain enzymes that break down substances and destroy cellular debris |
| cytoskeleton | made up of microfilaments and microtubules and helps to maintain the shape of the cell |
| centrioles | a dense region near nucleus; function in cell division |
| cilia | short, hairlike projections that move substances across the surface of a cell |
| flagella | long, threadlike projections that move the cell |
| simple diffusion | movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration; may take place through a permeable membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | requires a special carrier molecule but still moves particles down a concentration gradient across a membrane |
| filtration | utilizes pressure to push substances through a membrane; pores in the membrane filter determine the size of particles that will pass through it |
| endocytosis | process by which solid particles (phagocytosis) and liquid droplets (pinocytosis) are taken into the cell |
| exocytosis | moves secretory vesicles from inside the cell to the outside of the cell |
| interphase | the period between successive cell divisions; it's the longest part of the cell cycle |
| prophase | chromatin shorten and thicken to become chromosomes |
| metaphase | chromosomes align to the center of the cell |
| anaphase | centrimeres separate and fibers shorten to pull toward opposite sides of the cell |
| telephase | chromosomes uncoil to become long filaments of chromatin, nuclear membrane reappear, nucleolus appear; daughter cells form and enter interphase |
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