AP Statistics Module 1: Exploring Univariate Data
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27 terms
Sundanese | English |
|---|---|
| statistics |  the science of gaining information from numerical data |
| population | group of interest |
| sample | subgroup of the population meant to represent the population |
| individuals | objects being described by data set |
| variable | characteristic of an individual |
| categorical/qualitative | values are labels and categories |
| numerical/quantitative | values are numerical |
| distribution of a variable | tells what values the variable assumes and how often it takes these values |
| dotplot | simple plot that allows one to visualize a relatively small data set. not convenient is data set is large. |
| histogram | common distribution graph for one variable data. areas of bars represent percent. histogram shows distribution of values of a quantitative variable. choice of bin width changes how histogram looks |
| bar chart | compares sizes of different items, used to display frequencies related to categorical variables |
| outlier | observation that falls outside the overall pattern of a data set |
| distribution | described by center, spread, shape, outliers |
| center | described by mean, median, mode |
| spread | smallest number to largest number. described by quartiles, range, interquartile range |
| shape | symmetric, skewed to the right, skewed to the left |
| outliers | anything more/less than 1.5XIQR |
| mean | always follows tail in a skewed distribution. influenced by outlier. |
| stemplots | effective for small data set, include a key, split stems split one category into multiple, back-to-back = two stemplots in one to compare |
| 5 number summary | min, q1, median, q3, max |
| modified boxplot | shows outliers |
| median | middle value of data set. not influenced by outliers |
| range | largest value - smallest value. influenced by outliers. |
| IQR | Q3-Q1. not influenced by outliers. |
| statistic | number computed from a sample |
| parameter | number computed from a population |
| standard deviation | measure of spread, variance = stdev^2, 2 different st devs depending on population or sample. if s = 0, no spread so all observations are the same. use for symmetric data, not for skewed |
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