Medical Lab Procedures
Order by
60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 coccus | a spherical or oval shaped bacterium |
| pure culture | a culture that is grown from a single colony of bacteria, which is taken from a direct culture |
| oxidase test | the lab test in which oxidase reagent is added to a colony of suspected Niesseria gonorrhoeae to confirm the presence of this organism |
| spiral bacteria | bacteria that is cork-screw in shape, syphilis and Lyme disease are caused by this shape of organism |
| bacitracin | an antibiotic used in cultures to give an early indication of the presence of Group A strep |
| direct culture | a primary culture; a culture grown by inoculating patient specimens directly into the culture medium |
| fastidious bacterium | a bacterium that has very precise nutritional and environmental requirements for growth |
| bacillus | a rod-shaped bacerium |
| fungus | belonging to the plant family but does not contain chlorophyll |
| catalase test | the lab test in which hydrogen peroxide is added to urine cultures to distinguish strep from staph infections |
| coagulase test | the lab test that demonstrates the presence of an enzyme produced by pathogenic staph organisms |
| protozoan | a single-celled animal |
| Gram stain | the most commonly used stain for bacterial smears |
| gram negative | bacteria that stain pink or red with Gram staining technique |
| helminth | a true worm |
| double-voided specimen | two specimens collected with in a specific time interval, usually thirty minutes, to compare the concentration of particular substances |
| urinary casts | microscopic solid molds formed from protein precipitates in the renal tubules and voided in the urine. |
| perineum | the outside are of the body immediately surrounding the rectum and urethra |
| 24 hour specimen | the total urine output of a patient for twenty-four hour period; usually collected by the patient at home and often used for quantitative analysis |
| random specimen | a urine specimen that is taken at any time of day or night, usually during a visit to the physician's office |
| glucose-tolerance test (GTT) | a test of the ability to metabolized glucose, in which the patient is tested for blood and urine glucose at short intervals after consuming a known quantity of glucose in solution |
| Urinary catheterization | the process of inserting a tube thought the urethra into the urinary bladder to obtain a urine specimen |
| myoglobinuria | the presence of myoglobin in the urine |
| ketonuria | the presence of keytones in the urine |
| galactose | a simple sugar formed from the breakdown of lactose (milk sugar) |
| bilirubinemia | a high level of bilrubin in the blood |
| reduction test | also called Benedict's test. It test for simple sugars, such as lactose, galactose, fructose, and pentose, in the urine, not just for glucose |
| urobilinogenuria | excess urobilinogen in the urine |
| Bence Jones protein | an abnormal protein found in patients with multiple myeloma and other conditions |
| ascorbic acid | vitamin C |
| jaundice | yellow of the eyes and skin caused by excess bilirubin in the blood |
| fatty cast | renal cast that contains fat droplets because of chronic renal disease |
| spermatozoan | the male gamete that fertilizes the female egg. seen in urine, it has an expanded head and a long whiplike tail and appears black |
| desquamation | the shedding of layers of cells or skin |
| crenated | shrunken; usually sued to refer to shrunken RBC, which appear small and scalloped around the edges |
| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
| lymphocyte | a nongranular white blood cell with a single nucleus |
| neutrophil | the most commonly found type of white blood cell in urine sediment |
| urine sediment | the solid material that settles to the bottom of urine when it stands or is centrifuged |
| hyaline cast | the most common type of renal cast |
| hypotonic urine | urine with a specific gravity of 1.003 or less (diluted). |
| supravital stain | dye added to cells while they are living |
| cylindruria | the condition characterized by large numbers of casts in the urine |
| renal cast | the tube-shaped element in urine sediment, formed in the tubules of the kidney by the deposition of protien |
| phase microscopy | the type of microscopy in which difference in the refractive index are translated into difference in brightness |
| leukocyte | a white blood cell |
| erythrocyte | a red blood cell |
| balanitis | inflammation of the glands penis |
| waxy cast | the renal cast that is yellowish, with irregular broken ends. |
| granular cast | fine- or coarse-grained dark renal cast that has degenerated from a hyaline or waxy cast. |
| PH | measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14; solution with pH above 7 is basic and a pH below 7 is acidic |
| Glucose | The body's blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate |
| Protein | A class of nutrients that builds body tissue and supplies energy. Protein is made up of amino acids. Referred to onlyin the singular, protein |
| Ketone | an intermediary product of fat metabolism. |
| Bilirubin | a product of the breakdown of red blood cells. |
| Urobilinogen | a derivative of bilirubin formed by the action of interstinal bacteria |
| Nitrate | any compound containing the nitrate group (such as a salt or ester of nitric acid) |
| Leukocyte Esterase | detects esterase- enzyme released by white blood cells when significant numbers of these cells are present in fluid |
| Specific Gravity | the density of a substance relative to the density of water |
| Phenylketonuria | Defective phenylalanine hydroxylase. Results in mental retardation, epilepsy, brain calcification, mousy smelling urine, etc. if untreated. Treated with phenylalanine restricted, tyrosine supplemented diet. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.