Chemical methods of microbial control
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is phenolics? | chemically modified phenol molecules, are intermediate- to low-level disinfectants that denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes in a wide variety of pathogens. |
| What is alcohols? | intermediate-level disinfectants that denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes; use either 70% to 90% aqueous solutions or in a tincture, which is a combination of an alcohol and another antimicrobial chemical. |
| What is halogen? | intermediate-level disinfectants and antiseptics to kill microbes in water or on medical instruments or skin; believe to denature proteins. |
| What do halogen consist of? | betadine, iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine |
| What is oxidizing agents? | high-level disinfectants and antiseptics that release oxygen radicals, which are toxic to many microbes, especially anaerobes. |
| What is an example of oxidizing agents? | hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and peracetic acid |
| What is surfactants? | include soaps, which act primarily to break up oils during degerming |
| What is detergents? | low-level disinfectants |
| What is QUATS? | quaternary ammonium compounds |
| What is heavy-metal ions? | low-level disinfectants that denature proteins; have superseded by less toxic alternatives |
| What include heavy-metal ions? | arsenic, silver, mercury, copper, and zinc |
| What is aldehydes? | high-level disinfectants that cross-link organic functional groups in proteins and nucleic acids. |
| What is formalin? | 2% solution of glutaraldehyde and 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde |
| What is formalin use to? | disinfect or sterilize medical or dental equipment and in embalming fluid |
| What is include in gaseous agents of microbial control? | include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and betapropiolactone |
| What is gaseous agents? | high-level disinfecting agents used to sterilize heat-sensitive equipment and large objects. |
| What are explosive and potentially carcinogenic? | gaseous agents |
| What is antimicrobial enzymes? | many organisms use it to combat microbes. Humans use them commercially in food preservation and as a noncaustic. |
| What is a nondestructive way to eliminate prions on medical instruments? | antimicrobial enzymes |
| What is antimicrobials? | compounds that are typically used to treat disease but can also function as intermediate-level disinfections |
| What do antimicrobials include? | antibiotics, semisynthetics and synthetics |
| What is gama-ray used for? | microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetable. |
| What is silver nitrate used to? | prevent gonorrhea transmission from infected mother to her new-born. |
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