Lumbar spine (new)
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What comprises the anterior motor unit of the lumbar spine | vertebral body, disc, ant and post long. ligaments. this portion bears 70 % of load. |
| Posterior portion of lumbar spine | facet joints, joint capsule, lig. flavum, pedicles and lamina. bears 30 % of load |
| Describe the intervertebral discs | They comprise 25 % of spine height, act as shock absorbers, allow mmt and hold vert together |
| describe the weak zone of the intervertebral discs. | the posterior annular fibers are thinner and weaker than the anterior, the posterior longitudinal ligament is the weakest of all the ligaments. |
| describe the 2 mmts in lumbo-pelvic rhythm | lumbar flattening and then inversion of lordosis. pelvic rotation around the transverse axis of hips and increase of sacral angle. |
| strongest spinal ligaments (2) | anterior longitudinal and intertransverse |
| weakest spinal ligament | posterior longitudinal (disc herniates lateral to it) |
| lumbar flexors | iliopsoas and rectus abdominis |
| lumbar extensors | erector spinae, multifidus and intrinsics (from superficial to deep) |
| lateral flexors and rotators | internal and external obliques, quadratus lumborum, transverse abdominus |
| lumbar plexus | l1-l4. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and femoral nerve (these are the peripheral nerves that branch off from the plexus) |
| lumbosacral plexus | l4-s3. sciatic nerve is the peripheral nerve that branches off from this plexus. |
| path of sciatic nerve | passes inf to sciatic notch, between the ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter, passes in posterior thigh under musculature, enters popliteal fossa and splits into tibial and peroneal nerves |
| what is cauda equina syndrome? | numbness and tingling in saddle distribution, loss of bowel/bladder control, emergency situation. |
| what is the cauda equina | the spinal cord ends at L1, and the nerve tails that hang below L1 are known as this. |
| what is ankylosis? | when the cartilage of the spine/sacrum wear down and the bones fuse together. |
| diff btw disc extrusion and sequestration | extrusion is when AF is perforated and part of NP moves out into epidural space. sequestration is when fragments of np and/or af are outside of disc and free floating |
| sciatica | s/s: repetitive activities, pain that radiates from back/buttock into thigh. a symptom (pain&paresthesiain buttocks to back of thigh/calf i.e. peripheral nerve root distribution, or it can be a dermatomal distribution if coming from the nerve root). not a diagnosis.sciatic nerve comes out below the piriformis, in some people sciatic nerve comes out through the piriformis. |
| piriformis syndrome | chronic compression of peroneal and/or tibial nerve d/t excessive hypertrophy or tightness of piriformis. s/s: hip or gluteal pain that may radiate into the leg in a peripheral pattern not dermatomal |
| djd | chronic low back pain which worsens over years of activity, increased lordosis |
| Mechanical Low back pain | activity related, due to improper movement, pain rarely radiates below knee |
| neurogenic low back pain | pain and or paresthesias below knee |
| static low back pain | either due to extension or lordotic load/williams condition (relieved by flexion), or due to prolonged seated or flat back load (relieved by extension) |
| lumbarization | 6 lumbar, congenital cond, L-6 is non-fused to S-1 and so increased ROM and decreased stability |
| sacralization | congenital, 4 lumbar, L5 fused to sacrum, decreases lumbar ROM and increases degeneration of L4 disc |
| spina bifida | congeital, birth defect in which lamina incompletely fuse (no spinous process) which can lead to decreased function and organ control |
| vertebral fractures | usually from falling from height |
| lumbar facet syndrome s/s | rarely in central spine, pain in lateral back and can radiate to below knee |
| gluteus medius weakness | d/t compression of the innervation of this muscle, s/s: c/o chronic back or hip pain, atrophy of lateral gluteal area |
| meralgia paresthetica | path: entrapment of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at inguinal ligament and ASIS. lateral hip pain and paresthesia at lat thigh |
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