ch 5 solutions, suspensions, solids semisolids
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 tinctures | solutions made with alcohol or alcohol with water. Ingredients make up 10 20 % of the solution. Very potent drugs |
| fluidextracts | alcohol extracts from plant sources. The most concentrated and potent of all liquid preparation |
| elixirs | solutions of alcohol and water containing 10% to 20% of a drug. Added ingredient to make them sweet and pleasant smelling |
| spirits | alcohol solutions of volatile oils or oils that evaporate |
| syrups | heavy solutions of water and sugar, with flavoring to help disquise unpleasant taste and smell of the drug. May be as much as 85% sugar |
| emulsions | suspensions of oil and fats in water with an emulsifying agent. |
| magmas | contains heavy particles mixed with water that forms a milky liquid. must be shaken |
| gels | similar to magmas but contain finer particles |
| liniments | liquid suspensions for external application to the skin to relieve pain and swelling |
| lotions | suspension of drugs in a water base for external use. patted onto the skin rather than rubbed. |
| aerosols | delivered by oral inhalers that allow for rapid absorption into the blood stream |
| ointments | drugs mixed with lanolin. applied to skin surfaces but may be placed into the eyes |
| paste | semisolid preparations that are thicker and absorbed more slowly than ointments. used for skin protection |
| powders | fine dry particles of drugs. may be dissolved in liquids or used as is depending on the physicians orders. internal and external uses |
| tablets | drug powders that have been pressed and molded into disks. swallowed with a drink of water. |
| capsules | gelatin sheath that contains one dose of medication. can be powder, an oil or liquid |
| caplets | identical to capsules but have consistency of a tablet |
| sustained-release tablets/capsules | contain several doses of the drug. the doses have a special coating that dissolve at different rates so that the medicine is released into the stomach gradually |
| enteric-coated tablets/capsules | tablets and capsules with a special coating that keeps them from dissolving in the acid secreations of the stomach. They dissolve in the intestines |
| troches and lozenges | tablets designed to dissolve in the mouth rather than be swallowed. |
| suppositories | drugs mixed with a firm base, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temp. inserted vaginally or rectally |
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