| Term | Definition |
| Reconstruction | the effort to reorganize the seceded states and bring them back into the Union |
| Nullify | Cancel |
| Freedmen | freed slaves |
| Ratify | to approve formally |
| Amendment | an addition to a formal document such as a constitution |
| Black Codes | laws limiting the rights of African Americans passed by Southern governments after the Civil War |
| Radical Republican | Republican who believed that Congress should direct Reconstruction |
| Veto | to reject |
| Impeach | bring charges against |
| Scalawag | white Southerner who supported Reconstruction after the Civil War |
| Carpetbagger | Northerner in the South working for a Reconstruction government |
| Compulsory | required |
| Campaign | a connected series of military operations |
| Agent | A person acting or doing business for another by that person's authority; a representative |
| Paunch | the belly |
| Sinew | a tendon |
| Bill | a proposed law presented to a legislature for consideration |
| Commissary | a storehouse of food and other goods |
| Renegade | a person who rejects lawful behavior |