Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of life
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Created by:
rayraytoast on July 17, 2010
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anion | a negatively charged ion |
| atom | the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element |
| atomic mass | total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| cation | a positively charged ion |
| chemical equilibrium | in a reversible chemical reaction, the point at which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. |
| chemical reaction | making and breaking of chemical bonds |
| compound | a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight |
| covalent bond | sharing a pair of valence electrons by two atoms |
| dalton | A measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles. |
| electron shell | a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | an elementary particle with negative charge |
| electronegativity | the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond |
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| elementary particles | elements that cannot be broken down because they have no internal structure |
| energy | Capacity to cause change |
| hydrogen bond | a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond |
| inert | having only a limited ability to react chemically |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| ionic bond | attraction between a cation and an anion |
| ionic compound | a compound that consists of positive and negative ions, Salt |
| isotope | one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons |
| mass number | the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus |
| molecular formula | a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of a compound |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| nonpolar covalent bond | covalent bond where electrons are shared equally |
| nucleus | the positively charged dense center of an atom |
| orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| photon | a particle of light |
| polar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| proton | positively charged particle |
| quark | particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons |
| reactant | a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction |
| structural formula | a type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds |
| trace elements | Elements required by an organism in only minute quantities |
| valence shell | outermost electron shell |
| valence | Bonding capacity |
| valence electrons | electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom |
| van der waals interactions | Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations. |
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