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Forte (f) loud Piano (p) soft Mezzo Piano (mp) medium soft Mezzo Forte (mf) medium loud Fortissimo (FF) very loud Pianissimo (pp) very soft Crescendo (< or cres.) gradually get louder Descendo (> or desc.) gradually get softer Ritardando (rit.) slower Muriendo (mur.) die away (softer and slower) Accelerando (accel.) speed up Piu mosso faster Rubato no marked tempo, free expression of player Tempo speed (pace) of a piece of music Prestissimo Extremely fast Presto Very fast Vivace lively and fast Allegro fast and bright Moderato moderatly Andante walking speed (not fast) Adagio slow and stately Grave slow and solemn Largo very slow Con with Molto very Poco a little meno less poco a poco little by little Rush unintentional speeding up Drag unintentional slowing down a tempo return to base tempo Time signature refers to number of beats in measure and what note recieves one beat D.S. al fine return to the coda and play to the end D.S. al coda return to a place in the music designated by the coda and continue until directed to move to the coda, a separate ending section Coda sign taking the form of an slashed "s" with a dot on either side Repeat sign a double line with two dots, return to either the beginning of the piece or another repeat sign End sign a double line at the end of a piece Treble Clef When the note G is placed on the second line of the staff Bass Clef When the note F is placed on the fourth line of the staff 8va play note an octave above as written Tie play two tied notes as one unboken note slur play notes within slur without seperation