Flashcards: 15 Absolutism Crawford
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Created by:
HistoryofCrawford on July 24, 2010
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Archduke Ferdinand | Habsburg. Chosen to be king of Bohemia, but then rejected for Catholicizing it. |
| Peace of Westphalia (1648*) | Treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War. Marked the end of widespread religious wars. |
| Sejm | The Polish legislature. Had the power to choose the king, making Poland a weak state. |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Strengthened the French monarchy by undoing the Edict of Nantes and creating the intendant system. |
| John Locke (d. 1704) | Political philosopher. Believed in concept of "natural" rights. Governments protect these rights or lose their authority. |
| Janissaries | Ottoman soldiers, created from kidnapped Christian boys. |
| Oliver Cromwell (d. 1658) | Puritan leader during English Civil War. Dissolved Parliament and set up a military state. |
| War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) | The Bourbons (French rulers) fought to rule Spain. |
| Ivan 'the Terrible' (d. 1584) [Ivan IV] | The first tsar of Russia. Became tsar by defeating the Russian nobles (boyars). |
| Intendants | Officials sent to carry out the will of the French monarchy. Part of the rise of the middle class. |
| Jacques Bossuet (d. 1704) | Catholic thinker who invented absolutism. |
| Peace of Utrecht (1713) | Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession. Bourbon family can rule Spain, but the same person can't rule France & Spain at the same time. |
| Versailles | The large palace Louis XIV used to control the nobles. |
| Absolutism | The idea that a king answers only to God, and should be followed completely. |
| Peter the Great (d. 1725) | Obsessed with Westernizing Russia, and expanding it to include ports. Took control of the Russian Orthodox Church. |
| Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) | Called the Last Great Religious War and the First Modern War. Involved religious conflicts and attempts to limit Habsburg power. |
| English Civil Wars (1642-1646; 1648*) | War fought to decide who had more power: King or Parliament? Parliament won, but Cromwell took control as "Lord Protector." |
| Mannerism | Artistic reaction to the High Renaissance values of balance, harmony, & moderation. El Greco. |
| Thomas Hobbes (d. 1679) | Political philosopher who believed that people would be in constant war without government and therefore must never rebel. |
| Glorious Revolution (1688*) | Bloodless revolution that put William & Mary in charge in England. The English monarchy would be Protestant and the English people had a Bill of Rights. |
| Baroque | Artistic/musical/architectural movement that combined Renaissance art with Reformation religious feelings. Bernini. |
| Gustavus Adolphus (d. 1635) | King of Sweden who invented conscripted, standing army. Died fighting for Protestantism in the Thirty Years' War. |
| Charles I (d. 1649) | English king who fought Parliament, leading to the English Civil War. Executed after fleeing to Scotland. |
| Louis XIV (d. 1715) | Also called the Sun King, this individual is the quintessential absolute monarch. |
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