Biophysics Final
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Created by:
rachelakohl on July 27, 2010
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What was the contribution of Pythagoras? | He noted a direct relationship between numerical ratios and the harmonies of music and reasoned that just as numbers undergrid music, so are they the very stuff and pattern of the universe |
| What was the contribution of Louis Pasteur? | He used a fixed virus to cure rabies |
| The highest expression of the Bronze Age is found in early ___________ civilization. | Chinese |
| What was the contribution of Heraclitus? | He argued that all nature is in constant flux |
| The study of what is knowledge is called... | Epistemology |
| The intellectual revolution of the _____ and _____ centuries was far more profound in its consequences for the human condition than any political or social revolution of the early modern period, and itself contributed crucially to revolutions in European life | 17th & 18th |
| In the educated world of the 16th century, the intellectual inheritance was a fusion of _________ philosophy and ________ theology; it was known as ___________ _____________ | natural; Christian; Aristotelian Scholasticism |
| The science of final causes is what? | Teleology |
| The _________ cause is the stuff from which something is made. | Material |
| The _________ cause is what brings the form into actual existence. | Efficient |
| In cosmology, CBR established the "Big Bang" model of the universe. What does CBR stand for? | Cosmic Background Radiation |
| In the late 1920s, American astronomer ___________ __________ showed that the entire Universe was expanding. | Edwin Hubble |
| The idea of an expanding universe also fitted ______________'s recently formulated general theory of relativity. | Einstein |
| Our development patterns give us a principle of ________ to _________ learning and control. | Gross; fine |
| We develop in a _____________ manner. | Proximo-distal |
| We grow in a ____________ manner. | Cephalo-caudal |
| All muscles pull in the direction of the _______, toward the midline of the body. | Origin |
| The mechanics of how we move in day-to-day activities, both in a relaxed state and in a stressed state, is referred to as our _________ _________ _________. | Base Level Mechanics |
| Features that are not present in the components from which they are constructed, but appear only when those components are assembled in specific ways. | Emergent Properties |
| What was the contribution of Georges LeMaitre? | He said that in the distant past, everything in the universe must have been crushed into a single, tiny, dense, hot point that he called a "primeval atom". |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It can only change forms. In any process in an isolated system, the total energy remains the same. |
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? | Spontaneous natural processes increase entropy overall. |
| What are the four basic forces that govern the universe? | Gravity, Electromagnetic, Strong Nuclear, Weak Nuclear |
| What were the four elements according to the Greeks? | Earth, Water, Air, and Fire |
| __________ is considered the first philosopher because he asserted both that an origin exists and that that origin could be determined through observation. | Thales |
| What was the contribution of Eratosthenes? | He calculated the circumference of the Earth and the distance between the Earth and the moon. |
| The scientific method is often accredited to whom? | Francis Bacon |
| He showed that bodies do not fall at rates proportionate to their weight, but rather, they accelerate uniformly, their velocity increasing in proportion to the time of the fall. | Galileo |
| He demonstrated that the path of a projectile is parabolic. | Galileo |
| All bodies fall at the same rate and in any medium, there is a maximum speed that is reached called __________ ________. | Terminal Velocity |
| The major mass of the muscle | Muscle belly |
| The point of attachment of the muscle to a bone and the part closest to the mid-line of the body. | Origin |
| The point of attachment of the muscle furthest from the mid-line of the body that is attached to the bone via a tendon. | Insertion |
| What are the two systems of movement? | Integrated and peripheral |
| A system of biomechanics in which emphasis is placed on the initiation of motion originating with the weaker and smaller muscles of the arms and legs. | Peripheral System |
| A system of biomechanics in which emphasis is placed on the initiation of motion from the center of gravity or waist area. | Integrated System |
| Who is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy? | Vesalius |
| What was the early dominant element in the universe? | Hydrogen |
| The resistance of a body to a change in its state of motion. | Inertia |
| The area of study wherein knowledge and methods of mechanics are applied to the structure and function of the living human system. | Biomechanics |
| An area of study that is concerned with the forces that act on a system. | Kinetics |
| The study of human movement form an anatomical and/or mechanical perspective. | Kinesiology |
| The friction that exists between two surfaces sliding past each other. | Kinetic Friction |
| A rigid object that is used with an appropriate fulcrum to multiply the mechanical force that can be applied to another object. | Lever |
| What is an example of a first-class lever in the body? | Triceps brachii muscle acting on forearm in elbow extension |
| What is an example of a second-class lever in the body? | Plantar flexion of the foot to raise body up on toes OR full body in a push up |
| What is an example of a third-class lever in the body? | Biceps muscle in elbow flexion |
| What was Archimedes contribution to physics? | Levers |
| An adjustment of biochemical machinery to counter the affects of temperature. | Metabolic Compensation |
| Sum total of energy turnover of a cell. | Metabolic Rate |
| The process of physical and biochemical change that an animal undergoes in response to seasonal change in climate. | Acclimatization |
| An organism that regulates its body temperature at a constant temperature. | Homeotherm |
| An organism whose temperature changes. | Poikilotherm |
| An organism that regulates its body temperature at a constant level only sometimes. | Heterotherm |
| An organism that depends largely upon an external source of heat to maintain body temperature. | Ectotherm |
| An organism that regulates its body temperature through metabolic pathways/mechanisms. | Endotherm |
| The ________ field moves from positive to negative. | Electric |
| The ________ field moves from negative to positive. | Current |
| Moving with the flow of the channel is.... | Tonification |
| Moving against the flow of the channel is.... | Sedation |
| The black diode is ... | Negative |
| The red diode is ... | Positive |
| You are using electro-stimulation on a patient. You attach the black diode to LI5 and the red diode to LI11. Which method are you employing with this patient? | Channel Tonification/Enhancement |
| You are using electro-stimulation on a patient. You attach the red diode to LI5 and the black diode to LI11. Which method are you employing with this patient? | Channel Sedation |
| The production of voltage across a conductor moving through a magnetic field. | Induction |
| A material that has an electrical conductivity due to flowing electrons which is intermediate in magnitude between that of a conductor and an insulator. | Semi-conductor |
| A vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations. It accounts for the effects of free charges within materials. | Displacement field |
| What was Bernoulli's contribution to medicine? | Blood pressure |
| List the following ages in order from earliest to latest: Bronze, Copper, Iron, Stone | Stone, Copper, Bronze, Iron |
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