Chapter 9 - cellular respiration
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rayraytoast on July 28, 2010
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acetyl CoA | Pyruvate must be converted to acetyl Coa which links the cycle to glycolysis |
| Aerobic respiration | consumes molecules and O2 to yield ATP |
| alcohol fermentation | Pyruvate acid is converted to ethanol with the first releasing CO2 |
| anaerobic respiration | series of ATP producing reactions that do not require oxygen |
| atp synthase | H+ moves back across the membrane passing through channels |
| cellular respiration | Includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration |
| chemiosmosis | The use of energy in an H+ gradient to drive cellular work |
| krebs cycle | Complete breakdown of glucose. Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. |
| cytochromes | An iron-containing protein, a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
| electron transport chain | Nadh passes the electrons to the electron transport chain. |
| electron carriers | transfer energy from chlorophyll in the form of electrons when light energy is absorbed NADP+ = NADPH; ADP = ATP |
| fermentation | partial degradation of sugar that occurs without CO2 |
| glycolsis | Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, occurs in the cytoplasm |
| kinase | An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways, phosphorylating other enzymes. |
| lactic acid fermentation | Pyruvate acid is reduced to NADH forming lactic acid with no release of CO2 |
| NADH | Nad+ is a coenzyme that the electrons are transferred to. Oxidizing agent. Stored energy fr making ATP |
| oxaloacetate | A four-carbon molecule that binds with the two-carbon acetyl unit of acetyl-CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle. |
| oxidation | A substance loses electrons such as when metal rust |
| oxidative phosphorylation | Accounts for most of the atp synthesis. Powered by redox reactions. Accounts for 90% of ATP generates by cellular respiration |
| oxidizing agent | Electron receptor is the oxidizing agent |
| proton motive force | H+ gradient which emphasizes the capacity to do work |
| pyruvate | The three-carbon end product of glycolysis. |
| redox reaction | Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called redox reactions |
| reducing agent | Electron donor is the reducing agent |
| reduction | A substance Gains electrons. Negatized |
| substrate level phosphorylation | A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate phosphorylation. |
| FADH2 | electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle |
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