Final-Chpt07-Carbon Dioxide Transport and Acid-Base Balance
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 63% - Bicarbonate (HCO3)21% - Carbamino Hb 5% - Dissolved CO2 | What are three ways CO2 is transported in the blood? |
| 5% - Bicarbonate (HCO3) 5% - Dissolved CO2 1% - Bound to protein (Carbamino compound) | What are three ways CO2 is transported in the plasma? |
| Bohr effect | What can shift the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve to the right? |
| increase in PCO2 or decrease in pH shifts curve to right | What is the Bohr effect? |
| unloads more O2 at the same PO2 | What is the effect of shifting the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve to the right? |
| Haldane effect | The fact that deoxygenated blood in the lung enhances the loading of CO2 is called? |
| Haldane effect | The fact that oxygenated blood enhances the unloading of CO2 from the tissues is called? |
| Chemical buffers, which responds within seconds | What is the body's first line of defense in regulating body pH? |
| Respiratory system, which responds within 1 to 3 minutes | What is the body's second line of defense in regulating body pH? |
| Renal system, which requires a day or more to respond | What is the body's third line of defense in regulating body pH? |
| Acids | What is a proton donor? |
| Base | What is a proton acceptor? |
| pH = -log10 [h+] | What is the pH of a solution? |
| pH = 6.1 + log(HCO3/H2CO3) (6.1 is the pk value of H2CO3-Carbonic Acid) H2CO3 = Pco2 * .03 | What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation? |
| The ratio of HCO3- (bicarbonate) to H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is 20:1 (normal value) | What is the normal HCO3- to H2CO3 blood plasma ratio? |
| It will secreate H+ and retain HCO3- | How does the renal system compensate for metabolic acidosis? |
| It will retain HCO3- and retain H+ | How does the renal system compensate for metabolic alkalosis? |
| Used to determine if a patient's metabolic acidosis is caused by either (1) the accumulation of fixed acids, or (2) by an excessive loss of HCO3-. Anion gap = [Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-]) Normal aniion gap range is 9 to 14 mEq/L If greater than 14 then metabolic acidosis if less than 9 then metabolic alkalosis | What is the anion gap? |
| Metabolic acidosis caused by a decreased HCO3- loss as a result of something like renal disease or severe diarrhea. | What is hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis? |
| 4-3-2-1 1-Check pH greater than 7.4, Alkalosis, less than 7.4 Acidosis 2-Cause Respiratory acidosis, CO2 greater 45 Respiratory alkalosis, CO2 less 35 Metabolic acidosis, HCO3- less 22 Metabolic alkalosis, HCO3- greater 28 3-Check for Compensation Respiratory if CO2 less 35????????? Metabolic if HCO3- ??????? 4-Check pH If within normal range then fully compensated | How to tell respiratory or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis |
| Arterial 7.35 - 7.45 Venous 7.30 - 7.40 | What are the normal blood gas values for pH ? |
| Arterial 35 - 45 mm Hg Venous 42 - 48 mm Hg | What are the normal blood gas values for Pco2 ? |
| Arterial 35 - 45 mEq/L Venous 42 - 48 mEq/L | What are the normal blood gas values for HCO3- ? |
| Arterial 80-100 mm Hg Venous 35-45 mm Hg | What are the normal blood gas values for Po2 ? |
| As HCO3- moves out of the RBC, the Cl- (which has been liberated from the NaCl molecule) moves into the RBC to maintain electric neutrality. | What is the Chloride shift, or the Hamburger phenomenon? |
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