5 Written Questions

1. where is the lesion? dog has intact reflexes in front limbs, but no reflexes (LMN signs) in hind limbs
2. CN 10 - some motor to pharynx and esophagus. Sensory to ear canal and epiglottis. Parasympathetic to heart, lungs and abdomen
3. strangulating obstruction - pathophysiologic consequence of a raised intra-abdominal pressure. -> pleural space -> lung compliance decreases -> hypoventilation and alteration of ventilation/perfusion distribution lead to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Decreased venous return, direct compression of the heart and increased afterload. Can lead to oliguria and renal failure.
4. mineraolocorticoid that allows renal sodium absorption (water follows) and potassium excretion. Under the control of serum potassium and angiotensin II
5. fat metabolism - enhances fat utilization as energy (potential to overwhelm liver causing fatty liver and in ability to metabolize all the ketone bodies)

5 Matching Questions

1. dehydration
2. intra abdominal pressure
3. peptobismol kaopectate
4. vestibulocochlear oculomotor
5. encourage feed intake

1. a enteritis - caused by excessive fecal fluid loss (diarrhea) - water, sodium, potassium; reduced water intake
2. b simple obstruction - loss or imbalance of fluids and electrolytes - In some cases increased ______________ is significant enough to cause a reduction in portal circulation, decreased venous return to the heart and may also interfere with respiratory function (decreased tidal volume)
3. c two pectin (soluble fiber) containing products
4. d which CNs? tracking
5. e what would be helpful in the ketotic anorexic patient?

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. _______ develops when fat mobilization exceeds the rate of fat oxidation; fat is mobilized from adipose tissue when insulin concentration falls or insulin binding to adipose tissue receptors is inhibited
   1. ataxia
   2. ketosis
   3. tetanus
   4. steroids
2. describe basic change in insulinoma
   1. enteritis
   2. hyperinsulinemia
   3. tetracyclines
   4. reperfusion
3. CN 3 - motor to DMV rectus mm, ventral oblique and levator palpebrae superioris m. Parasympathetic to ciliary ganglion (iris sphincter m)
   1. sensory motor
   2. olfactory
   3. optic oculomotor
   4. oculomotor
4. increased glucocorticoids due to pituitary or adrenal tumor (atypical - increased androgens)
   1. labs intact males
   2. spinal accessory
   3. irritation PS signal
   4. Cushing's Disease
5. source of abdominal pain - originating from the ______________ - due to stretch of GIT wall (stretch receptors); dilation/distension of lumen; due to pull on mesentery; due to inflammation within intestinal wall; pain from intestinal ischemia (stim of nociceptors from local lactic acid accumulation); in obstructive states proximal motility tends to increase resulting in spasms
   1. enteritis
   2. ketosis
   3. left upper
   4. GIT proper

5 True/False Questions

1. GH → carbohydrate metabolism - decreases tissue uptake of glucose, increases liver gluconeogenesis. May ultimately be associated with insulin resistance

   True        False

2. reduces fat mobilization → while giving fluids to a dehydrated/shockie patient what is the rule of thumb regarding K supplementation?

   True        False

3. Neorickettsia helminthoeca → while giving fluids to a dehydrated/shockie patient what is the rule of thumb regarding K supplementation?

   True        False

4. SPD → growth - of all tissue in the young animal (where there are marked effects on skeletal frame) but also in the adult on tissues that can continue to grow

   True        False

5. inc insulin and cortisol → DM, causes high BG (and resultant osmotic diuresis=PU/PD)

   True        False