| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mary Queen of Scots | Catholic relative to Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England. She allegedly plotted with Spain's Philip II to overthrow Elizabeth and reassert Catholicism in England. Elizabeth had her beheaded. |
| Separatists (Puritans) | Radical Protestants in England who believed Henry VIII did not take extreme enough measures in merely creating the Anglican Church. They favored "purifying" the new Anglican Church of all similarities to the Catholic Church. |
| Bloody Mary | Oldest daughter of Henry VIII. Queen of England from 1553-58. Known for her ruthless, deadly suppression of the Anglicanism in attempting to re-Catholicize England. She married Spain's Philip II. |
| Spanish Armada | Fleet of 130 ships launched by the Catholic Philip II to conquer England during the time of Elizabeth I. England was victorious in defeating the armada, who never again posed a threat against England. |
| William Laud | Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War. |
| Elizabeth I | Tudor Queen of England. Succeeded Mary I in 1558 and ruled until 1603. In addition to leading the defeat of the Spanish Armada and developing England into a world power, she strengthened Protestantism. Daughter of Henry VIII. |
| Henry VIII | Tudor King of England from 1509-47. Established the Angelican Church as the official Church of England when the Catholic Church refused to nullify his marriage. His son, Edward VI, was sickly and died in 1553, leaving the throne to Mary I. |
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