1.
Anti-trust Law: These pieces of legislation were designed to break up monopolies and promote competition within a market.
2.
Budget Deficit: When government expenditures exceeds tax revenues.
3.
Capital Good: Goods that can be used as a resource for further production.
4.
Capital Goods: A cargo ship, iron smelter, a hammer, and an assembly line are examples of these...
5.
Capital Investment: Purchases of equipment for the use in producing a product.
6.
Capitalism: An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by private citizens.
7.
Circular Flow Diagram: This helps students of economics understand the relationships in the economy.
8.
Command Economy: An economic system in which the factors of production are controlled by the government.
9.
Consumer: This is the individual in the marketplace who makes purchases of goods and services for personal use.
10.
Consumer: This individual makes purchases of goods and services in the market place.
11.
Consumer Good: A good that an individual uses for personal use.
12.
Consumer Goods: A television, cell phone, and hammer are examples of these . . .
13.
Consumer Price Index: This index is the price of a basket of goods measured from one year tot he next.
14.
Contractionary Monetary Policy: A policy initiated by the FED during periods of high inflation. The FED begins to tighten the money supply in hopes of decreasing the quantity of money in the economy.
15.
Credit Cards: This allows people to borrow money for the purchase of goods and services. Individuals may spend beyond their means as a result.
16.
Demand Curve: This show the relationship between consumers in the marketplace and price.
17.
Determinants of Supply: Factors which cause the supply curve to shift to the right or the left. These determinants include prices of resources, technology, number of producers, future price and market expectations, price of related goods or services.
18.
Dividends: These are a share of the profits of a corporation paid out to its stockholders.
19.
Economic Resources: Those resources necessary in the production of goods and services. These include labor or humans, money or capital, and land or resources.
20.
Elastic Demand: This is usually associated with the wild fluctuation of price on demand.
21.
Equilibrium: The point on the supply and demand graph where supply and demand intersect.
22.
Expansionary Monetary Policy: A policy initiated in the recession period of the business cycle. The FED will release into the economy more money in hopes of stimulating employment, consumer spending, and economic growth. This may result in a decline in the value of the dollar.
23.
Factors of Production: Land, labor, and capital form this foundation in economics.
24.
Favorable Balance of Trade: This economic environment exists when a countries exports exceed their imports.
25.
Fractional Reserve Banking: This system of banking demands the banks maintain a fraction of all deposits on reserve. Banks can lend out the remaining portion and charge higher interest rates then they pay bank depositors.
26.
GDP Gross Domestic Product: This is the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in a country.
27.
Globalization: This has increased foreign trade, foreign investment, and the development of the World Trade Organization.
28.
Globalization: Growing integration of national economies around the world, fostering greater trade, foreign investment, and international organizations such as the World Trade Organization promoting fair trade.
29.
Government Debt: When a government accumulates deficits.
30.
Inelastic Demand: The following goods, such as milk, water, and utilities are these type of demand products because they are considered necessities.
31.
Inflation: An increase in the average level of prices due to the decline in the value of the currency.
32.
Limited Capital: The notion that a limited amount of money can be raised. This is usually associated with a sole proprietorship.
33.
Market Economy: An economy in which the decisions are made according to supply and demand.
34.
Market Shortage: A condition in the market where the supply cannot meet the demand, and there is an increase in the price of the good or service.
35.
Market Shortage: This market condition raises prices.
36.
Market Surplus: The condition in the market where the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded. The result will see a decrease in the price of a good or service.
37.
Money: This is a store of value, a medium of exchange, or a unit of account.
38.
Monopolistic market: When a single producer has complete control over one kind of good or service.
39.
Mutual Fund: This is a collection of stocks that individual may invest in. This investment vehicle allows the individual to decrease the risk.
40.
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement: This international agreement eliminated trade barriers between the three members.
41.
Number of Buyers: This factor of demand will increase or decrease the demand in the marketplace.
42.
Open Market Operations: This is the process of buying and selling government bonds by the Federal Reserve Bank.
43.
Opportunity Cost: The value of time, money, goods, and services given up in an economic choice.
44.
Peak of a Business Cycle: At this point, unemployment is low.
45.
Personal Income Tax: This progressive tax is the largest form of tax revenues for the federal government.
46.
Progressive Tax: This is a form of taxation where the average rate increases as income increases. Such a tax claims not only a larger absolute dollar amount but also a larger percentage of income as income increases. Federal Income Tax is a form of this tax.
47.
Protective Tariff: These are taxes imposed upon imported goods to protect domestic industry.
48.
Real Wage: This term is used to describe the individuals wage rate as it relates to what it buys.
49.
Recession: This is the low point of a normal business cycle. At this point in the cycle, consumer spending declines, unemployment rises, and growth slows or stops.
50.
Resources: These economic factors are always limited in supply.
51.
Scarcity: The basic economic problem facing all societies is the realization that all resources and wants are finite and therefore limited.
52.
Scarcity of resources: This is the basic economic problems all societies face.
53.
Sole Proprietorship: This type of business entity is owned and run by one individual. There is no legal distinction between the owner and the business. All profits and all losses accrue to the owner
54.
Stagflation: This economic condition customarily involved high unemployment, low growth, high inflation.
55.
The Business Cycle: The up and down period of economic activity that illustrates periods of growth and contraction.
56.
The Federal Reserve Bank: The Central Bank of the United States, in charge of monetary policy. There goal is to promote economic growth, employment, and control interest rates.
57.
The Three Basic Questions: What, for whom, and how to produce.
58.
Trade-off: A situation in which more of one thing necessarily means less of something else.
59.
Wants: This economic factor is unlimited and helps to produce the effect of scarcity.
60.
What an Economist studies?: The production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.
61.
What to produce? For Whom to Produce? and How to Produce?: These are the three basic questions that all economies have to answer.
