ch 33 objective 3
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5 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome. respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflamation and diffuse alveolocaillary injury. complicates 30% of ICU admits.. mortality rate less than 40%, more older people die, results from injury to the lung from numerous unrelated causes....most common cause is sepsis or multiple trauma. damage is done to the alveolar capillary membrane and causes severe pulmonary edema. |
| pathophysiology of ARDS | all disorders that result in ARDS acutely injure the alveolocapillary membrane and cause severe pulmonary edema, and massive inflammatory response by the lungs.increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability is due to release of important inflammatory mediators: neutrohils, macrophages, complement, endotoxin, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor. |
| clinical manifestations of ARDS | rapid, shallow breathing, respiratory alkalosis, dyspnea, decreased lung compliance, hypoxemia |
| neutrophils | A type of white blood cell. in ARDS it releases a battery of inflammatory mediators (proteolytic enzyme, free radicals, arachidonic acid metabolites and platelet activating factor). these activators cause extensive damage to the alveolocapillary membrane and increase capillary permeability. this permeability allows fluids, proteins and blood cells to leak into the pulmonary interstitium and the alveoli causing edema and hemorrhage. also causes vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow. |
| interstitium | the space between cells that is filled w/fluid |
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