1.
dysphagia: condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful. results from mechanical obstruction of the esophagus or a disorder that impairs esophageal motility. intrinsic obstructions originate in the wall of the esophageal lumen (tumors, strictures, diverticular herniations). extrinsic mechanical obstructions are from outside the esophageal lumen and narrow the esophagus by pressing inward on the esophageal wall (most common is tumor)
2.
DYSPHAGIA (SWALLOWING DIFFICULTY): CAUSES=ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION (TUMORS, STRICUTRED, OR DIVERTICULA), IMPAIRED ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY (NEURAL DYSFUNCTION, MUSCULAR DISEASE, CVA), ACHALASIA (DECREASED GANGLION CELLS IN MYENTERIC PLEXUS, MUSCLE CELL ATROPHY
MANIFESTATIONS=DISTENTION AND SPASM OF ESOPHAGUS AFTER SWALLOWING, REGURGITATION OF UNDIGESTED FOOD.
3.
gastroesophageal reflux: reflux of chyme from the stomach to the esophagus. LES relaxes spontaneously and transiently 1 to 2 hrs after eating, permitting gastric contents to regurgitate into the esophagus.
4.
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX (CHYME REFLUX INTO ESOPHAGUS): CAUSES=INCREASED ABDOMINAL PRESSURE, ULCER, PYLORIC EDEMA AND STRICTURES, HIATAL HERNIA
MANIFESTATIONS=REGURGITATION OF CHYME AFTER 1 HOUR OF EATING.
5.
hiatal hernia: a type of diaphragmatic hernia, the protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the thorax. two types 1. sliding (most common) reverses with standing, it moves into the thoracic cavity with sitting, bending, tight clothing, ascites, and obesity. 2. paraesophageal caused by herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach through a second opening in the diaphragm.....A COMMON MANIFESTATION IS GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
6.
HIATAL HERNIA (PROTRUSION OF UPPER STOMACH THROUGH DIAPHRAGM INTO THORAX): CAUSES=CONGENITALLY SHORT ESOPHAGUS, TRAUMA, WEAK DIAPHRAGMATIC MUSCLES, AT GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION, INCREASED ABDOMINAL PRESSURE
MANIFESTATIONS=GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX, DYSPHAGIA, EPIGASTIRC PAIN
7.
intestinal obstruction: caused by any condition that prevents the normal flow of chyme through the intestinal lumen or failure of normal intestinal motility in the absence of an obstructing lesion (ileus). simple obstruction is mechanical blockage of the lumen by a lesion....functional obstruction is a failure of motility (paralytic ileus)...IT CAUSES DECREASED NUTRIENT ABSORPTION
8.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION (IMPAIRED CHYME FLOW THROUGH INTESTINAL LUMEN): CAUSES=HERNIA, TELESCOPING OF ONE PART OF INTESTINE INTO ANOTHER, TWISTING, INFLAMED DIVERTICULA, TUMOR GROWTH, LOSS OF PERISTALTIC ACTIVITY
MANIFESTATIONS=COLICKY AIN TO SEVERE AND CONSTANT PAIN, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, DEHYDRATION AND HYPOVOLEMIA, AND ACIDOSIS WITH ITS COMPLICATIONS.
9.
pyloric obstruction: the narrowing or blocking of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. can be congenital or acquired. acquired obstruction is caused by peptic ulcer disease or carcinoma near the pylorus. duodenal ulcers are more likely than gastric ulcers to obstruct the pylorus. the ulceration causes obstruction resulting from inflammation, edema, spasm, fibrosis or scarring. tumors can also be the cause.
10.
PYLORIC OBSTRUCTION (NARROW PYLORUS): CAUSES=PEPTIC ULCER OR CARCINOMA NEAR PYLORUS
MANIFESTATIONS=EPIGASTRIC FULLNESS, NAUSEA AND PAIN, VOMITUS WITHOUT BILE
11.
see table pg 273 workbook: motility disorder
