| Term | Definition |
|---|
| cell membrane | covers the cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell and the cell's environment |
| cell wall | a structure that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells that provides strength and support to the cell |
| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis |
| cytoplasm | cellular fluid surrounding a cell's organelles |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a membrane-covered cell organelle that produces lipids, breaks down substances, and packages proteins for delivery out of the cell |
| eukaryotic cell | a cell that contains a central nucleus |
| lysosome | a special vesicle in a cell that digests food particles, wastes, and foreign invaders |
| mitochondria | cell organelles that break down food molecules to provide energy to the cell |
| multicellular | made of many cells |
| nucleus | the membrane-covered organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains the cell's DNA and serves as the control center for the cell |
| organelle | a structure within a cell, sometimes surrounded by a membrane |
| ribosome | the site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins |
| vacuole | a large membrane-covered structure found in plant cells that serves as a storage container for water and other liquids |
| surface-to-volume ratio | the area of a cell's outer surface in relation to its volume |
| prokaryotic cells | cells that do not have a nucleus (bacteria) |
| DNA | hereditary material that controls all of the activities of a cell |
| Golgi complex | processes and removes proteins and other materials from a cell |
| vesicles | membrane covered compartments in eukaryotic cells that form when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object and pinches off |
| Robert Hooke | first scientist to observe cells |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | observed "animalcules" in pond scum and first person to observe bacteria |
| Matthias Schleiden | concluded that all plant parts are made up of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | concluded that all plant and animal tissues are made up of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | wrote the first two parts of cell theory |
| Rudolf Virchow | Said that all cells come from existing cells |
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