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Electrostatics The study of stationary or resting charges Ground - A connection made to the earth - Ground potential is zero Electrification - Process by which electrons are added or removed from a body Methods of Electrification -Friction -Contact -Induction Terms of Electrostatics -Electrostatics -Ground -Electrification Electrification by Friction -Transfer of electrons from one object to another by rubbing -The object gaining electrons becomes negatively charged -The object losing electrons becomes positively charged Electrification by Contact -Occurs when two objects touch, permitting electrons to move from one to the other. A simple equalization of charges with both objects having similar charges after contact. Electrification by Induction -A process of electrical fields acting on one another without contact. -Utilizes metallic conductors. -Every charged body is surrounded by a force field called an electric field. Laws of Electrostatics Laws of Electrostatics Descriptions Repulsion-Attraction: Like charges repel Unlike charges attract -Repulsion-Attraction -The inverse square law -Distribution -Movement -Concentration Repulsion-Attraction -Like charges repel, Unlike charges attract. The inverse square law The force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitude , and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Distribution Charges reside on the external surfaces of conductors Movement -Only negative charges (electrons) move along solid conductors -Positive charges are charged atoms which do not drift in solid conductors. Concentration -The greatest concentration of charge is on the surface where the curvature is greatest. -Electric charges tend to concentrate in the region of sharpest curvature. Static Discharge -When two oppositely charged objects are in close proximity, the electrons often jump the gap in the form of a stable discharge. -Occurs as soon as the difference in charges becomes sufficiently great and the intervening distance sufficiently small. In most cases the static discharge releases excess energy in the form of light photons and an audible sound. -The cause of tree-branch artifact on a finished radiograph