alkenes and alkynes
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Created by:
polkadotflanny on August 12, 2010
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 higher mp, lower bp than cis | trans |
| polarity (trans are nonpolar) | cis have higher bp than trans due to |
| higher bp | internal alkenes have _____ than terminal alkenes |
| E1 | favor highly polar solvents, highly branched carbon chain, good leaving groups, weak Nu in low concentration |
| high temperatures | choose E1 over SN1 bc of |
| strong base, highly substituted carbon chains | E2 preferred over SN2 |
| weak lewis base (strong Nu) | SN2 preferred over E2 |
| SN1, E1, E2 | 3 > 2 > 1 > Me |
| SN2 | Me > 1 > 2 > 3 |
| C=C to C-C; 2 H's added cis to each other | H2/Pd (Pt or Ni) |
| electrophilic additions | addition of HX, X2, or H2O are |
| C=C to intermediate carbocation to alkyl halide; markovnikov | addition of HX |
| H added to less substituted C | Markovnikov's Rule |
| C=C to cyclic halonium ion to dihalo compound; anti | addition of X2 |
| C=C to carbocation to alcohol; markovnikov | addition of H2O/H+ at low temperatures |
| C=C to free radical to alkyl halide; anti mark | free radical addition of HX |
| C=C to C-C; anti mark; syn | hydroboration (B2H6) or BH3; H2O2/B- |
| C=C to vicinal diols cis | KMnO4, cold and dilute |
| C=C to 2 COOH's | hot KMnO4/OH-; added to nonterminal alkenes |
| C=C to COOH + CO2 | hot KMnO4; added to terminal alkenes |
| C=C to ketone + CO2 | hot KMnO4 added to nonterminal disubstituted alkene |
| C=C cleaved to aldehydes | addition of O3 (ozonolysis); Zn/H2O |
| C=C cleaved to alcohols | addition of O3; NaBH4 |
| C=C to epoxide | mcpba |
| triple bond to C=C | addition of H2/Pd (lindlar's catalyst) to triple bond |
| add X, add H; anti mark | free radical (HX) |
| add H+, add X-; mark | ions (HX) |
| COOH's | 1. O3, CCl4 2. H2O to triple bond |
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