1.
Alkaloids: colchicine, diterpine, ergot, indolizidine, lycorine, muscarine, piperidine, pyrrolizidine, solanine and solanidine, taxine, tropane, xanthine
2.
Colchicine c/s: affects all body systems
3.
Colchicine MOA: antimitotic
4.
Colchicine plants: autumn cross/meadow saffron, glory lily/climbing lily
5.
Diterpine c/s: sudden death in cattle; NM blockade; monkshood can cause cardiac arrhythmias
6.
Diterpine MOA: competitive blockade of nicotinic receptors at the muscle endplate (similar to curare)
7.
Diterpine plants: buttercup family: larkspur/delphinium, monkshood/aconite
8.
Diterpine Tx: physostigmine or neostigmine
9.
Ergot MOA: vasoconstriction and gangrene, uterine contraction (ABORTION)
10.
Indolizidine c/s: locoism = neuro signs; other = infertility, congenital defects, heart failure, weight loss, poor performance, decreased immune fxn
11.
Indolizidine MOA: inhibits lysosomal enzymes; locoweeds are neurotoxic; nitropropanol causes peripheral neuronal degeneration and respiratory signs; selenium causes abnormal hoof and hair
12.
Indolizidine plants: locoweeds, milkvetches, swainsonine
13.
Lycorine c/s: GI signs, hypotension, tremors, seizures
14.
Lycorine MOA: emetic and purgative, bulb most toxic
15.
Lycorine plants: amaryllis family: narcissus, kaffir/caffir lily, spider lily, barbados/fire lily, zephyr/rain lily, river lily
16.
Muscarine antidote: atropine
17.
Muscarine MOA: stimulation of muscarine cholinergic receptors, CNS stim
18.
Muscarine plants: poisonous mushrooms (amanita)
19.
Piperidine c/s: ataxia, incoordination, birth defects (teratogenic)
20.
Piperidine MOA: nicotinic effects: ganglionic and NM stimulation, followed by ganglionic and NM blockade; prevents fetal movement
21.
Piperidine plants: poison hemlock/spotted hemlock/california or nebraska fern, lupines, tobacco, tree tobacco, coyte tobacco
22.
Pyridine c/s: rapid onset; excitation, salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, tachypnea, muscle twitching/weakness, dyspnea; death d/t respiratory failure
23.
Pyridine MOA: nicotine and lobeline act on nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia, NMJ, and some synapses in the CNS
24.
Pyridine plants: nightshade family: tobacco plant, tree tobacco, lobeline
25.
Pyrrolizidine MOA: hepatotoxic and secondary photosensitization
26.
Pyrrolizidine plants: rattlebox/crotolaria, senecio, groundsel, ragwort
27.
Solanine and solanidine MOA: mainly GI, but also CNS, resp, cardiac
28.
Solanine and solanidine plants: nightshade family: black nightshade, american nightshade, eggplant, tomato, turkey berry, chalic vine, chinese lantern
29.
Taxine MOA: cardiotoxic and GI
30.
Taxine plants: japanese yew
31.
Tropane antidote: physostigmine
32.
Tropane c/s: antimuscarinic signs
33.
Tropane plants: jimsonweed/thornapple/angel's trumpet, devil's trumpet, henbane (seed pods most toxic)
34.
Xanthine c/s: CNS and cardiac
35.
Xanthine MOA: blocking adenosine receptors, inhibiting phosphodiesterase
36.
Xanthine plants: cocoa, coffee