Chapter 1 (A View of Life)
About this set
Created by:
jmweiland Plus on August 14, 2010
Subjects:
honors biology, whitlock, mader
Description:
This set deals with terms from Chapter 1 from Mader.
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adaption | organism's modification in structure, function, or behavior suitable to the environment |
| animal | multicellular, heterotrophic organism belonging to the kingdom Animalia |
| binomial nomenclature | scientific name of an organism |
| biodiversity | total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live |
| biology | scientific study of life |
| biosphere | zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found |
| cell | smallest unit that displays the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane |
| class | one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; class is the taxon above the order level |
| community | assemblage of populations interacting with one another within the same environment |
| conclusion | statement made following an experiment as to whether or not the results support the hypothesis |
| control | sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked |
| data | facts or information collected through observation and/or experimentation |
| deductive reasoning | process of logic and reasoning, using "if...then" statements |
| domain | largest of all the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; |
| domain Archaea | one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics |
| domain Bacteria | one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotics cells that have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics |
| domain Eukarya | one of the three domains of life, consisting of organisms with eukaryotic cells |
| ecosystem | Biological commnity together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients |
| emergent property | quality that appears as biological complexity increases |
| energy | capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms |
| evolution | descent of organisms from common ancestors whith the development of genetic and phenotypic changes over time that make them more suited to the environment |
| experiment | artificial situation devised to test a hypothesis |
| experimental design | methodology by which an experiment will seek to support the hypothesis |
| experimental variable | factor of the experiment being tested |
| extinction | total disappearance of a species or higher group |
| family | one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the genus level |
| fungus | saprotrophic decomposer; the body is made up of filaments called hyphae that form a mass called a mycelium |
| gene | unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms, typically two alleles are inherited-one from each parent |
| homeostasis | maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms |
| hypothesis | supposition established bty reasoning after consideration of available evidence; it can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation |
| inductive reasoning | using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis |
| kingdom | one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above phylum |
| law/principle | theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell during growth and repair |
| model | simulation of a process that aids conceptual understanding until the process can be studied firsthand; a hypothesis that describes how a particular process could possibly be carried out |
| multicellular | organism composed of many cells; usually has organized tissues, organs and organ systems |
| natural selection | mechanism of evolution caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce; results in adaption to the environment |
| observation | step in the scientific method by which data are collected before a conclusion is drawn |
| order | one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the family level |
| organism | individual living thing |
| phenomenon | observable event |
| photosynthesis | process occuring usually within chloroplasts whereby chlorophyll-containing organelles trap solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrate |
| phylum | one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the class level |
| plant | multicellular, usually photosynthetic, organism belonging to the plant kingdom |
| population | group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool |
| prediction | step of a scientific process that follows the formulation of a hypothesis and assists in creating the experimental design |
| protist | member of the kingdom Protista |
| reproduce | to produce a new individual of the same kind |
| responding variable | result or change that occurs when an experimental variable is utilized in an experiment |
| scientific theory | concept supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data |
| scientific process | process by which scientists formulate a hypothesis, gather data by observation and experimentation, and come to a conclusion |
| species | group of similarly constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing a fertile offspring; organisms that share a common gene pool; the taxon at the lowest level of classification |
| taxonomy | branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms |
| unicellular | made up of but a single cell, as in bacteria |
| genus | one of the categories, or taza, used by taxonomists to group species; contains those species that are most closely related through evolution |
| direct observation | using one of the five senses to gather data |
| indirect observation | gathering data without use of the five senses |
| autotrough | self-feeding |
| heterotrough | consume food molecules |
| decomposer | transfer inorganic material to organic material (fungus and bacteria) |
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