Plants- proteins and amino acids
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 protein and amino acids (9) | dimethyl disulfide; diterpene esters; grayanotoxins; lectins (phytotoxins, toxalbumins); meliatoxins; propyl disulfide; tetradymol; thiaminase; triterpenoid saponins |
| dimethyl disulfide MoA | plant contains 5-methyl cystein sulfoxide which is reduced by intestinal flora in monogastrics and rumen microflora to dimethyl disulfide; large amounts of dimethyl disulfide cause oxidation of RBCs to form Heinz bodies which normally is preventative by glutathione |
| dimethyl disulfide C/S | signs of anemia including depression, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, icterus and cyanosis |
| mustards | Brassica spp |
| diterpene esters MoA | direct irritation of the skin and mucous membranes; activate protein kinase C resulting in cell damage and enzyme dysfunction |
| diterpene esters C/S | irritation and blistering of the skin and the GI mucosa leading to salivation, vomiting and diarrhea with or without blood; signs are usually mild in small animals but may be severe in large animals especially horses |
| spurge family | Eurphobiaceae |
| chenille plant, cat tail | Acalypha hispida |
| croton | Codiaeum variegatum |
| candelabra "cactus" | Euphorbia lacta |
| crown of thorns | Euphorbia milii var splendens |
| poinsettia | Euphorbia pulcherrima |
| pencil tree | Euphorbia tirucalli |
| manchineel | Hippomane mancinella |
| sandbox tree | hura crepitans |
| physicnut | Jatropha curcas |
| wild physicnut | Jatropha gossypifolia |
| grayanotoxins MoA | bind to sodium channels in excitable cells (nerve, sleletal muscle, cardiac muscle, CNS); increase permability of sodium ions and depolarization; irritation of GI mucosa |
| grayanotoxins C/S | GI signs including excessive salivation, vomiting or regurgitation, colic, and diarrhea; other signs include depression, recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures, and fever; death usually due to aspiration pneumonia |
| heath family | Ericaceae |
| rhododendron, azalea | Rhododendron spp |
| mountain laurel, sheep laurel, sheepkill | Kalmia spp |
| Japanese pieris, mountain pieris | Pieris spp |
| dog hobble, dog laurel, black laurel | Leucothoe spp |
| maleberry, fetter bush, staggerbush | Lyonia spp |
| lectins (phytotoxins, toxalbumins) MoA | ricin and abrin are glycoproteins; inhibit cellular protein synthesis resultin gin cell death |
| lectins C/S | GI signs including hemorrhagic gastroenteritis |
| castor bean | Ricinus communis |
| precatory bean | Abrus precatorius |
| coral plant | Jatropha curcas |
| sandbox tree | Hura crepitans |
| black locust | Robina pseudoacacia |
| beans | soybean, kidney, pinto, navy |
| miliatoxins MoA | tetranotriterpeness (cytotoxic limonoid concentrated in the fruit); alkaloid; enterotoxic; neurotoxic |
| miliatoxins C/S | GI signs with or without blood; CNS and peripheral neuronal signs generally similar to nicotine poisoning; death is from respiratory failure |
| china berry | Melia azedarach |
| propyl disulfide MoA | disulfides produce oxygen free radicals which cause damage of RBC membranes and hemolysis; free radicals also cause denaturation of Hb resulting in Heinz bodies |
| Propyl disulfide C/S | anorexia, ataxia, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, icterus, anion odor, abortion |
| onin, garlic, shallots, chives and leek | Allium spp |
| tetradymol MoA | sage brush and horsebrush cause induction of microsomal enzymes; tetradymol from horsebrush causes liver damage that decreases elimination of phylloerythrin a metabolite of chlorophyll; phylloerythrin is a photodynamic substance that causes damage in microciculation areas exposed to UV light and hepatogenic photosensitization in white skin or lightly pigmented skin |
| tetradymol C/S | sheep are the most susceptible animals; signs are sudden onset of anorexia, depression, incoordination, dyspnea and probably icterus and head pressing' skin swelling, erythema, necrosis and sloughing; secondary bacT infections |
| sunflower family | Asteraceae |
| Horsebrush | tetradymia spp |
| thaminiase MoA | destroys thiamine in the diet and produces signs of vit B1 deficiency in monogastrics; neurotoxic |
| horsetail | Equisetum hyemale |
| bracken fern, brake fern | Pteridium aquilinum |
| triterpenoid saponins MoA | direct irritation of GI mucosa |
| titerpenoid C/S | salivation, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, hypothermia |
| alfalfa | Medicago sativa |
| holly family | Aquifoliaceae |
| English holly, Christmas holly | Ilex aquifolium |
| American holly Ilex opaca | ginseng family |
| ginseng family | Araliaceae |
| English ivy, common ivy | Hedera helix |
| pokeweed family, inkberry | Phytolacca americanum |
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