NC EOC Goal 2 Review
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Created by:
wmdeaconfan on August 19, 2010
Subjects:
Classes:
Early College Academy Honors US History, DCECHS US History
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 54-40 or Fight | James K. Polk's slogan to take control of British-controlled Oregon. |
| "Corrupt Bargain" | supposed deal to swing the Presidential election of 1824 in return for a place on the cabinet, weakening faith in the federal gov't |
| 1st Industrial Revolution | social and economic reorganization that took place when machines took the place of hand tools and production developed in the north |
| 2nd Great Awakening | Revival of religious sentiments emphasizing personal salvation and frontier evangelists |
| 49ers | People who rushed to California in 1849 for gold. |
| Alex de Tocqueville | French writer who expanded idea of American democracy and advocated prison reform |
| American System | Economic program advocateded by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy. |
| Charles G. Finney | An avid reformer who started the Second Great Awakening |
| Cotton Kingdom | South became known as the this after cotton gin allowed it to produce massive amounts of cotton |
| Cyrus McCormick | United States inventor and manufacturer of a mechanical harvester |
| David Walker | A free African American who urged blacks to take their freedom by force |
| Dorothea Dix | Reformer who was a pioneer in the movement for better treatment of the mentally ill |
| Edgar Allen Poe | a gifted lyric poet, short story writer, who was fascinated by the ghastly and ghostly themes in his poems, helped to promote a strong sense of nationalism through literature |
| Election of 1824 | No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain." |
| Election of 1832 | Jackson won reelection over Henry Clay in the midst of the nullification crisis |
| Election of 1840 | This election was characterized by the mudslinging or the attack or insult on each others reputation. William Henry Harrison wins election by using one of the first slogans |
| Election of 1844 | Whigs nominate Henry Clay and democrats nominate James Polk. Polk says he will annex Texas and Oregon to make both sides happy, and eventually wins election |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | United States suffragist and feminist |
| Erie Canal | an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo |
| Factory System | a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building |
| Frederick Douglass | Freed slave who became an abolitionist |
| Gadsden Purchase | Purchase of land from Mexico in 1853 that established the present U.S.-Mexico boundary |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Supreme Court decision that ruled that the Constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states through which a route passed. |
| Grimke Sisters | 19th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights. |
| Henry Clay | United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states, as well as the American System |
| Henry David Thoreau | United States writer and social critic; one of the Transcendentalists |
| Horace Mann | United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education |
| Hudson River School of Artists | Painters used realistic detail to reflect an enormous respect toward nature, improving American nationalism |
| Interchangeable Parts | identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing and in household products, making work more efficient and fast |
| Internal Improvements | federal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system |
| James Fennimore Cooper | Path-breaking American novelist who wrote "Last of the Mohicans" |
| John C Calhoun | South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification |
| John Deere | United States industrialist who manufactured steel plows suitable for working the prairie soil, making farming easier |
| Know-Nothings | A political party that was named for their ambiguity, also known as the American Party |
| Lewis and Clark | Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase, placing a foundation for future exploration and expansion |
| Lucretia Mott | A Quaker who, alongside Elizabeth Cady Stanton, called the first women's rights convention in New York in 1848 |
| McCulloch vs. Maryland | Ruled that the state of Maryland could not tax Bank of the United States; relied on Supremacy Clause in US Constitution |
| Mexican Cession | Lands sold by Mexico to the US following the Mexican War |
| Mexican War | War declared in 1846 after Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande into Texas |
| Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories |
| Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion | Rebellion in which Nat Turner led a group of slaves through Virginia; revolt was unsuccessful and Turner was hanged |
| Nathaniel Hawthorne | United States writer of novels and short stories, mostly on moral themes, that helped bring the country closer together |
| Nativism | a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born immigrants |
| Neoclassical Architecture | style of architecture in the Federal Period thought to symbolize democracy |
| New Nationalist/Knickerbocker School | School which sought to promote a genuinely American national culture and establish New York City as its literary center |
| Noah Webster | American writer who wrote textbooks to help the advancement of education. He also wrote a dictionary which helped standardize the American language. |
| Oregon Trail | pioneer trail that began in Missouri and crossed the great plains into the Oregon country |
| Panic of 1819 | A natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war. However, it was generally blamed on the National Bank, and was a major cause of its downfall |
| Pet Banks | State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank. |
| Plantation System | System of Southern agriculture before the Civil War which depended heavily on slave labor |
| Prison Reform | Emphasized the idea of rehabilitation, rather than punishment |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | United States writer and leading Transcendentalist, helped give the growing country a voice |
| Rehabilitation | the restoration of someone to a useful place in society |
| Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship |
| Samuel Morse | invented the telegraph and Morse Code, making communication easier |
| Seneca Falls Convention (1848) | Kicked off the equal-rights-for-women campaign led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony |
| Sequoyah | Cherokee who created a notation for writing the Cherokee language |
| Sojourner Truth | United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate for the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women |
| South Carolina Exposition and Protest | written by Calhoun, regarding a tariff and a state's right to nullification |
| South Carolina Nullification Crisis | Attempt by South Carolina not to honor federal tariffs on the grounds that they were unconstitutional, put down by Andrew Jackson |
| Spoils System | the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power |
| Stephen Austin | Original settler of Texas, granted land from Mexico on the conditions of no slavery, conversion to Roman Catholicism, and learning Spanish; later, a leader of the Texan independence movement |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Susan B Anthony | social reformer who campaigned for woman's rights, temperance, and was an abolitionist, and helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association |
| Tariff of Abominations | Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and harmed the South |
| Texas | Area annexed by Congress in 1845 |
| The Alamo | old Spanish mission that is best remembered for the battle fought there for Texan independence |
| The Indian Removal Act | Act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed the President to give Natives reserved land in Louisiana Territory in exchange for the land in the east |
| Trail of Tears | The tragic journey of the Cherokee people from their home land to Indian territory between 1838 and 1839, thousands of Cherokees died. Enforced by President Jackson |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million |
| Washington Irving | American author, short story writer, and is called the "father of the American short story". Provided a huge boost to American nationalism |
| Webster Ashburton Treaty (1842) | settled boundary disputes in the Northwest and fixed most borders between US and Canada |
| Whig Party | Political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson |
| William Lloyd Garrison | important abolitionist leader who founded abolitionist newspaper, the Liberator; co-founded the New England Antislavery Society |
| Wilmot Proviso | would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cession; failed attempt to avoid conflict over slavery |
| Worchester vs. Georgia (1832) | ruled that state law had no authority in Cherokee territory |
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