Medical Parasitology

5 Written Questions

1. ELISA, imaging (ultrasound is the gold standard)
2. aspiration of cyst under ultrasound guidance
3. all are indirectly transmitted, no multiplication in vector, PPP is about a year, none are zoonotic, L1 microfilaria are produced by adult female, ingested by vector and L3 larvae inoculated or drunk (D. medinensis)
4. warm climates - 2 billion at risk
5. feed on blood of humans, take up the parasite - parasite multiplies by binary fission in the gut of the bug (1 or 2 becomes 10,000's) - drop fecal pellets on host while feeding (contain 10,000's of parasites) can penetrate bite wound or are rubbed in, enter into blood of host - trypomastigotes invade muscle cells - become amastagotes and multiply within host - invade muscle cells

5 Matching Questions

1. What are the chronic symptoms of Schistosomiasis mansoni and Japonicum
2. Test specificity
3. Describe the early clinical symptoms of Kala-azar
4. Vector borne zoonoses (protozoans)
5. What are the clinical features of G. lamblia

1. a irregular fever, anemia, leucopenia, diarrhea, bleeding gums, joint pain, weight loss
2. b Hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension, hemitemesis (esophageal varicies), melena/anemia, Symmer's pipe stem fibrosis (calcification of portal vein)
3. c Total disease absent - true negatives/ (false positives + true negatives)
4. d usually none, pale loose stools (fatty/foul smelling), abdominal distension, flatulence, abdominal pain, weight loss, sulphurous belching, occasionally followed by malabsorption syndrome (especially in malnourished children)
5. e tropical diseases - trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma b. SPP, Leishmania spp

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. megaloblastic anemia - out-competes the host for micronutrients (vitamin B12)
   1. What is the vector for T. cruzi
   2. What is the resultant pathology of acute phase T. cruzi
   3. What are the clinical symptoms of Diphyllobothrium latum
   4. What are the clinical manifestations of acute phase T. cruzi
2. bile ducts
   1. How is opisthorchis sinensis controlled
   2. Where does opisthorchis spp reside
   3. Treatment for malariae
   4. Where does schistosoma spp reside
3. definitive hosts are humans, cats and dogs -> eggs in sputum become miracidia -> enter first intermediate host (snail) which releases cercaria, enter 2nd intermediate host (crustacean) - undercooked and eaten by humans
   1. Explain the lifecycle of fasciola hepatica
   2. Explain the lifecycle of paragonimus westermani
   3. Explain the life-cycle of enterobius vermicularis
   4. Explain the life cycle of a typical trematoda
4. 80% of women symptomatic - vaginitis, burning sensation, thick yellow discharge, vulvar and or vaginal erythema. Males asymptomatic
   1. What are the zoonotic nematodes
   2. What are the clinical manifestations of hookworms
   3. What are the clinical symptoms of T. vaginalis
   4. What is the prodromal symptoms of malaria
5. intestinal form - amoebic dysentery and invasive form amoebic liver abcesses (ALA)
   1. What is the treatment for T. cruzi?
   2. What are the 4 human species of plasmodium
   3. What are the 2 stages of amoebiasis
   4. What is the treatment for amoebiasis

5 True/False Questions

1. What is the prodromal symptoms of malaria → like influenza

   True        False

2. Explain the lifecycle of diplydium caninum → apathogenic found in cats, dogs, children -> eggs in oncospheres in feces -> flea larvae eat eggs, become fleas with larval stage which are eaten by children, dogs and cats

   True        False

3. Wuchereria bancrofti → where asexual larval development occurs - immature parasite

   True        False

4. How can Taenia spp be controlled → education, sanitation, treatment, meat inspection, proper cooking (freezing) of beef and pork

   True        False

5. Taenia Saginata → is defined as a condition in which the Hb concentration in the peripheral blood is lower than normal for age, sex and pregnancy state of the subject - most common manifestation of disease in the tropics - highest prevalence among preschoolers and pregnant women

   True        False