FLVS Physical Science Module 1
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Speed | Distance/Time Scalar (only has magnitude, direction doesn't matter) |
| Velocity | Speed and Direction so it is a vector. If either the speed or the direction changes, the velocity changes. |
| Motion | Change in position relative to a fixed point or frame of reference. |
| Frame of Reference | Place or object that is assumed to be fixed. |
| Acceleration | Change in velocity/time. Expressed as distance/ unit time squared. |
| Force | push or pull on an object |
| Balanced Force | Net Force is zero. No change in motion occurs. |
| Unbalanced Force | Results in a net force other than zero. Results in change of motion. |
| Newton's First Law | An object in motion will continue in motion at same speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force/ an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalance force. |
| Another name for Newton's First Law | Law of Inertia |
| Newton's Second Law Formula | FORCE = MASS times ACCELERATION |
| Law stating that the greater the mass, the greater amount of force needed to accelerate the object. | Newton's Second Law |
| Newton's Third Law | For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Formula for Momentum | p = mv (momentum = mass x velocity); it is a vector quantity. Expressed in kilograms-meters/second |
| Law of Conservation of Momentum | For objects within a system, momentum remains constant. Sum of initial momentum equals sum of final momentum. |
| Momentum | The greater the mass of an object and the faster it is moving, the harder it is to slow it down. |
| Angular Momentum | It is easier to slow down a spinning object if you are further from the center of the spinning object (axis of rotation); Formula is (mass) times (velocity) times (radius). Angular momentum is also conserved. |
| Holds protons and subatomic particles together in nucleus. | Strong nuclear force |
| Short range and strongest of the four forces. | Strong nuclear force |
| Weakest of the four fundamental forces. | Gravity. |
| The two fundamental forces with an infinite range. | Gravity & electromagnetic forces |
| Second weakest force;short range;responsible for radioactivity and particle decay (beta decay) | Weak nuclear force |
| Only fundamental force that only attract but not repels. | Gravitational force. |
| Force involved with like charges repelling and unlike charges attracting. Second strongest fundamental force after strong nuclear force. | Electromagnetic force. |
| Mechanical Energy | Energy an object possesses due to movement. Thus it is KINETIC ENERGY. |
| Gravitational Energy | POTENTIAL energy an object has because of its position due to gravitational force acting on an object |
| Chemical Energy | POTENTIAL energy stored in bonds of molecules and compounds. |
| Elastic Energy | POTENTIAL energy stored or released from elastic materials. Results from being stretched or compressed. |
| Electrical Energy | Energy produced from an electric charge that flows through a conductor |
| Nuclear Energy | Energy produced from the core or nucleus of an atom |
| Radiant Energy | Electromagnetic energy that travels in waves. It is KINETIC -- (light,microwaves,x-rays,etc) |
| Thermal Energy | Internal KINETIC energy in a substance caused by vibration of atoms and molecules. HEAT! |
| Isolated System | Neither matter nor energy can leave the system. Example: the entire universe. |
| Closed System | Matter does not leave the system but energy can leave the system. The earth is generally a closed system (except for the occasional meteor etc.) |
| Open System | Both energy and matter can leave the system. |
| Power | Rate at which work is done |
| Formula for Power | Power = Work /Time |
| What unit is used for Power | Watts |
| What is a watt equal to? | 1 Joule/second |
| Formula for Work | Force x Distance = Work |
| Unit of Work | Joules |
| Unit of Force | Newton |
| 3 Components of Work | Force, Movement, Cause. Direction of the force and the movement are the same. |
| Negative Work | Force applied in opposite direction of movement to slow or stop the object. |
| How is Power related to Velocity | Power = Force x Velocity |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy in motion |
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