| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Three types of Totalitarianism | (1) Communism (2) fascism (3) Nazism |
| Communism | an economic system in which all means of production - land, mines, factories, railroads and businesses - are owned by the people, private property doesn't not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally |
| Fascism | a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule. |
| Nazism | the fascist policies of the national Socialist German Workers' party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry. |
| Hitler's Rise to power | He became the leader of the Nazi party in Germany. He was arrested for treason, while in jail he wrote "Mein Kampf", Came to power during the depression when German economy collapsed and people became confused. Used propaganda and terror to get German people to follow his ideas. Looked to him for leadership. |
| Neville Chamberlain | Prime Minister of Britain during the Munich Conference. He wanted to preserve peace by giving into Hitler's demands. Agreed that Hitler could take the Sudetenland. |
| Appeasement | Giving into an aggressor to keep peace. Britain urged and Appeasement against Germany instead of challenging them |
| Munich Pact | Meeting with Germany France, Britain and Italy in Munich. Britain and France agreed to allow Germany to take the land.(trying to keep peace). In exchange Hitler agreed to respect the new borders of Czechoslovakia . but a few months later he took the entire country |
| Battle of Britain | Britain, led by Winston Churchill, stood alone against Germany. Germany set to destroy Britain’s air force the RAF (royal Air force). Germany outnumbered the RAF, but they had 2 technologies that helped them (1) Radar – and electronic tracking device (track incoming aircraft), (2) Britain was able to decode German secret messages. This battle continued till May 10 1941 when Hitler called off his attacks. |
| Luftwaffe | Germany's Air force: During Battle of Britain the bombed British airfields, aircraft factories, and then cities |
| Charles De Gaulle | (a French general) He set up a govt. in exile in London after French leaders surrendered and the Germans took control of the northern part of the country. He organized the Free French military forces that battled the Nazis until France was liberated in 1944. |
| Erwin Rommel | (Desert Fox) German General that attacked North Africa, where Germany's ally, Italy was loosing to British forces. They battled back and forth until the Germans seized Tobruk, Libia |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Britain.. He rallied his people behind the effort to crush Germany |
| Atlantic Charter | Roosevelt (US) and Churchill (Britain) met secretly and issued a joint declaration called the “Atlantic Charter” = It supported free trade and the right for people to form their own national governments. |
| Pearl Harbor | On December 7, 1941 (Day of Infamy), Japanese navy began a surprise attadk on the US Navy base at Pearl harbor in Hawaii. In 2 hours , Japanese planes sank a major par tof the US Pacific Fleet. |
| Japanese Militarianism | Japan wanted to expand it's teritory, Captured part of China in 1931, and invaded to the center of China in 1937 |
| America's Response | US feared for US holding in Pacific, gave military aide to China and cut off oil shipment to Japan |
| Hideki Tojo | ? |
| Admiral Yamamoto | Japans Greatest naval strategists, who called for the attack on Pearl Harbor. He also commanded the fleet that attacked Midway Island. |
| Doolittle Raids | US sent planes to drop bombs on Tokyo, The attack raised the moral of Americans |
| Nuremberg Laws | deprived Jews of right to citizenship, forbade marrages between Jews and non-Jews, limited kind of work Jews could do |
| Kristallnacht | Night of Broken Glass: Nazi mobs went to Jewish shops, broke glass in windows, destroyed merchandise, killed over 100 Jews |
| History of Anti-Semitism | ? |
| Nazi Propaganda | ? |
| Final Solution | A program of genocide (the systematic killing of an entire people |
| Warsaw Ghetto & uprising | ? |
| Wadislaw Szpilman (The Pianist) | ? |
| Genocide | (the systematic killing of an entire people |
| Holocaust | A mass slaughter of jews and other civilians carried out by the Nazi government of Germany before an during WWII |
| Aryans | The Germanic people who formed the "master race". |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | Supreme General who lead "Operation Torch" , where US forced Germany out of Africa. Also lead D-Day invasion |
| George S. Patton | He lead the American offensive in France and on the Eastern Front. |
| Douglas MacArthur | Commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific. Lead US attack against weaker Japanese Islands to gain control closer to Japan |
| "Phony War" | Military Battle: French and British mobilized their army. French army set up on the Border waiting for an attach, German soldiers set up on their border waiting to attach, both sides became bored |
| Maginot Line | ? |
| US Military Strategy During the War | ? |
| El Alamein | Military Battle: A city in Egypt that Nazi forces held and British forces attacked for several days until the Nazi's retreated |
| Operation Torch | Lead by Dwight D. Eisenhower, where US forced Germany out of Africa |
| Stalingrad | Military Battle: Red Army fought for over 1 year against the Germans, Germans surrounded the city, cut off their supplies,Russians would not surrender |
| Battle of the Atlantic | Military Battle: |
| D-Day | JUne 6, 1944: The invasion of Normandy. Largest land and sea attack in history |
| Battle of the Bulge | Military Battle: In a last attempt to break the Allied front, Germany pushed through Allied lines but were eventually were pushed back. After this battle the war in Europe rapidly drew to a close. |
| Fall of Berliln | Soviets Surrounded Berlin, Hitler's headquarters, Hitler killed himself, a week later, German's surrender |
| Battle of Coral Sea | Military Battle: An American fleet intercepted a Japanese strike against an Allied Airbase. Although fought at sea, this fight was fought by aircraft , taking off from aircraft carriers that attacked ships. US suffered a bigger loss, but still had a victory because they stopped Japan's southward advance. |
| Battle of Midway | Military Battle: Midway was an American Island near Hawaii with key American airfield, Japanese targeted the island hoping to draw all of US fleet from Pearl Harbor. US knew the attack was coming and crippled the Japanese fleet. This battle turned the tide of war in the Pacific |
| Iwo Jima | Military Battle: A batlte on an Island 760 miles from Tokyo, Americans were victorious after 1 month of fighting |
| Island Hopping | Military Stratagy designed by Genreal MacArthur to hop over strongly defended Japanese-held island and attack weaker ones. |
| Fate of Hitler | Committed suicide with his wife, body was burned |
| Fate of Mussolini | Italian resistance fighters found him disguised as a German soddier. They shot him and hung his body tin downtown Milan for all to see. |
| Manhattan Project | Top secret government project by the Americans that developed the Atomic Bomb |
| Reasons for using the atomic Bomb | US estimated that if allied forces invaded Japan by land, the estimated over 1/2 million Allied lives would be lost. IF used atomic bomb, it would bring the war to a quick end |
| Reasons Against using the atomic bomb | Would Hundreds of thousands of innocent people |
| Hiroshima | Japanese city where the first Atomic bomb was dropped (August 6, 1945). 70,000 - 80,000 people died. |
| Nagasaki | 2nd Japanese city where the atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945). More than 70,000 people killed |
| Nuremberg Trials | In an effort to rebuild Europe, the Allies held trials in the city of Nuremberg, Germany. Captured Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against humanity. some were exicuted. |
| Yalta Conference | Leaders of US, Soviet Union, and Britain met in Yalta. Agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation controlled by the Allied Military force. |
| Forming of UN | The US and the Soviet Union joined 48 other countries to form the United Nations. an international orgaization intended to protect the members against aggression. It was based in NYC |
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