| Term | Definition |
| anadiplosis | the repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause |
| anaphora | the repetition of a group of words at the beginning of sucessive clauses |
| anecdote | a brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audinces generaliztion or claim |
| antimetabole | repetition of words in sucessive clauses in revers grammatical order |
| asyndeton | the omission of conjuctions between related clauses |
| begging the question | the sitation that results when a writer or speaker constructs and arguement on an assuptionthat the audien does not accept |
| litotes | understatement |
| metonmy | an entity referred to be one of its attributes or associations |
| oxymoron | juxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings |
| parallelism | a set of similarly structed words,phrases or clauses that appears in a sentence or paragraph |
| jargon | the specialized vocabulary of a particular group |
| irony | writting or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken |
| inductive reasoning | reasoning that begins by citing number of specific instances or examples and then shows collectively they constitute a general principal |
| hyperbole | an exaggeration for effect |
| epistrophe | the repetition of a groupl of words at the end of sucessive clauses |
| deductive reasoning | reasoning that begins with a general principle and concludes with a specific instance that demostrates the general principles |
| connotation | implies meaning of a words in contrast to its directly expressed "dictionary meaning" |
| climax/ climbing the ladder | arrangement of words,phrases in order of increasing number of importance |
| periphases | substitution of an attributive word or phrase for a proper name or use proper name to suggest a personality characterstic |
| pun | a play on words |
| sarcasm | the use of mocekry or bitter irony |
| syllogism | logical reasoning from inarguable premises |
| symbol | in a text an element that stands more than itself and therefore helps to convery a tthem of the text |
| synecdoche | a part of something used to refer to the whole |