Biology Semester II Exam Review

Terms	Definitions
Cellulose	Component of the cell wall of plants
Leaf	Primary part of the plant used for photosynthesis
Monocot	Parallel leaf venation
Flower	Reproductive part of an anthophyte
Moist environment	Necessary to transport sperm and for diffusion of water and nutrients in nonvascular plants
Sclerenchyma	Type of plant cell with thick, rigid cell walls
Ethylene gas	Hormone which helps ripen fruits
Complete Flower	Contains both stamen (male) and pistil (female) parts
Prothallus	Fern spore germinates into a heart-shaped structure
Wind	Seed dispersal mechanism using hairy plumes
Animal fur	Seed dispersal mechanism using hooks and barbs
Netted veins	Dicot leaf has this venation
Phloem	Transports sugars down a plant from the leaves
Phototropism	Plant's response to light
Archegonia	Female reproductive part of a nonvascular plant
Annuals	Anthophyte that lives for only one year
Structures of a leaf	Parenchyma cells, stomata, epidermis, veins, guard cells
Conifers	Plant type that has naked seeds
Anthophytes	Flowering plants with enclosed seeds and fruit
Bilateral Symmetry	Symmetry of worms, butterflies and man
One	Number of body segments of a tick
Two	Number of body segments of a spider
Three	Number of body segments of insects
Complete Metamorphosis	Egg, larve, pupa, adult
Incomplete Metamorphosis	Egg, nymph adult
Six	Number of walking legs of insects
Eight	Number of walking legs of spider
Trichina Worms	Undercooked pork may contain
Nematocysts	stinging cells that discharge when tentacles are touched
Jointed appendages	Most distinguishing characteristics of arthropods
Stinging tentacles	Cnidarians capture food with
Molt	Process of shedding exoskeleton while new one grows beneath old on
Gills	Aquatic arthropods breathe using these
Filter feed	Sponges and other sessile organisms feed by what means?
Coral	Group of Cnidarians that provide food, shelter for other organisms
Antennae	Part of insect that senses vibrations, food, and pheremones
Planarian	Flat worm with a pharynx
Radial	Symmetry of sea star and sea urchin
fish	Vertebrate with a 2- chambered heart
test chemicals in air	reason snakes flick out their tongues
Feathers	Distinguishing characteristic of birds
Teeth	Mammals are classified by their
Tympanic Membrane	Amphibians organ to sense vibrations from water or air
Placental	Mammal type that fully develops in uterus with umbilical cord
Lamprey and Hagfish	Two fish that lack jaws
Osteichthyes	Class of bony fish
Amphibians	Vertebrate characterized with thin, moist skin
Jacobson's organ	Sense organ on snake's roof of mouth which detects airborne chemicals
Lateral line	Fish sense organ which detects vibrations and movement in the water
Platypus and Echidna	Two examples of egg laying Monotremes
Australia	Most marsupials are located here
Smooth	Muscle type of internal organs
Conserves body heat	Main advantage of hair
smell, sound, touch	Three ways animals communicate
Imprinting	Attachment behavior at a critical time in life
Trial and Error	Behavior where an animal receives a reward
Involuntary	Muscle contractions that are not controlled
Territorial behavior	type of behavior in which an animal protects his home area
Pheromone	Chemical animal communicates with
circadian rhythm	24-hour cycle of an animal
Pavlov	Biologist who demonstrated conditioning in dogs
Aggression	Animal behavior where they are showing agitation toward another
Cardiac	Heart muscle type
Lichen	Mutual relationship between a fungus and algae
Mycorrhizae	Mutual relationship between fungus and plant roots
Shape	Bacteria is identified by their
Conjugation	Sexual reproduction in bacteria exchanging genetic information
Bacteriophage	Virus that infects bacterial cells
Nonliving	Viruses are classified as
Penicillin	Causes holes in cell walls of bacteria killing them
Dinoflagellates	plant-like protist that causes red tide
sexual spores	Fungus is classified by their
Decomposers	Fungi and bacteria are considered this since they can transform complex molecules into simpler raw materials
Flagellate	Protozoan with a whip-like tail
Cilia	Short hair-like structures on a paramecium
Diatoms	Plant-like Protist made of various shells of silica
Protista	Kingdom of Eukaryotes, multi or unicellular includes algae and protozoans
Protozoan	Animal-like protist
Algae	Plant-like protist
Asexual	Reproduction that produces identical daughter cells as the parent cell. (binary fission and budding)
Aristotle	First to propose a taxonomic system
Scientific Name	Composed of genus and species
binomial nomenclature	A two word naming system
Latin	Language used for scientific names
Taxonomy	Science of grouping and naming organisms
Classification	Placing of information or objects into groups based on similarities
Dichotomous Key	step by step approach to identify an organism using a series of paired descriptions
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species	7 Levels of Classification in order
Animalia	Kingdom of insects, worms, sponges and elephants
Genus	First word of the scientific name
Plantae	Kingdom of mosses, conifers and flowering plants
Fungi	Kingdom of mushrooms, puffballs and yeast
Archeabacteria and Eubacteria	Two kingdoms of prokaryotic cells
Protista	Kingdom of plant-like (algae) and animal-like (protozoans) organisms
Animalia	Kingdom of all eukaryotic, heterotrophic, multicellular organisms
Plantae	Kingdom of all autotrophic and multicellular organisms
H, methane, ammonia, and water vapor	Evolutionary belief of gases in the primitive atmosphere
small pools of amino acids	1950 Evolutionary belief where life came from
Spontaneous Generation	Widely accepted view of life coming from nothing before Biogenesis was accepted
Cenozoic	Evolutionary Era when Human were thought to "evolve"
4.6 Billion Years	Evolutionary time line when earth was supposedly formed
Cyanobacteria	Evolutionary viewpoint on first group of organisms to evolve
Urey and Miller	Scientists who tried to conduct an experiment to prove life came from earth's ancient conditions
Darwin	Founder of modern evolution theory
Prosimians	Group of lemurs and tarsiers
Homologous Structures	Evolutionary idea that the wing of a bat is common to the arm of a human
Vestigial Organs	The name of the Evolutionary idea that some organs no longer function
Camouflage	The ability an animal has to blend in with it's surroundings
Mimicry	Ability of an animal to look like another more harmful animal
Natural Selection	Evolution idea that nature selects which characteristics will continue in an animal population
Mutations	The mechanism by which evolutionist believe species change over time
Range of Tolerance	Animals ability to withstand environmental fluctuations
Autotrophs	Organisms that can convert light into chemical energy
Ovary	Organ which produces the female egg
Testis	Organ which produces the male sperm
Uterus	Female organ where a fetus develops
Bacteria	Gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia are all caused by
Tail, head, mitochondria	Three parts of the male sperm
Alveoli	Small sacs of the lungs where gas exchange takes place
Lymphatic	Body system that helps recover body fluids and returns it to the blood
Invasive species	Species not native to a given area
Cocaine	Drug that causes brain neurotransmitter levels to increase
Cones	Part of the retina that allows you to see color
Central nervous system	Brain and spinal cord
Kidneys	Organs that collect waste from cells and maintains the bodies homeostasis
Sensory neurons	Carries impulses from environment to brain/spinal cord
Motor neurons	Carries impulses from brain/spinal cord to muscles
Puberty	Menstrual cycle begins during the stage
Viruses	Causes genital herpes, warts and AIDS
HIV	virus which weakens the immune system
Endocrine System	System which produces hormones for the body
Depressant	Type of drug which slows down and reduces nervous system activity
Purple	Color of Gram positive stained bacteria
Pink	Color of Gram negative stained bacteria
Intelligent Design	Theory which suggests all life is complex and best explained by an intelligent cause
Melanin	Pigment that causes various shade of skin color
Antediluvian	Term used to refer to "before the flood"
Yom	Hebrew word used for "day" typically written for describing a 24 hour period
Sin	Biblical understanding of the cause of death, disease, blood shed
2 Timothy 3: 16-17	"All scripture is God breathed, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness..."
Romans 5:12	"by one man sin entered the world, and death by sin..."
Europe	Shem's descendants migrated to this area
Africa	Ham's descendants migrated to this area
Asia	Japheth's descendants migrated to this area
Tower of Babel dispersion	What Biblical event caused smaller population sizes and disrupted genetic equilibrium
.2%	The percent difference of any two people in the world
over hunting and harsh environmental conditions	Possible reasons for dinosaurs being extent
Job	Book of the Bible that contains descriptions of animals similar to dinosaurs
Micro-evolution	Changes in animals that are limited to the species gene pool
Macro-evolution	Changes in animals that require beneficial mutations involving addition of new information into the DNA
Presuppositions	Initial starting belief of a person that determines their viewpoint concerning the origin of life
Habitat Loss	Greatest threat to animal diversity
Invasive species	Animals considered not native to an area they inhabit
Root	Part of plant that functions in absorption of water and minerals and anchors the plant
Round	Hook, Pin, and Heart worms are all considered ___________ worms.
Segmented	Leech and earthworms are ___________ worms.
Alternation of Generations	Life cycle of organisms that switch from asexual to sexual reproduction
Archaebacteria	Kingdom of bacteria that live in extreme environments
Habitat fragmentation	Building a road in the middle of an ecosystem is an example of...
Niche	A role an organism has in an environment...like being a predator
Energy	_________ decreases as you move from one trophic level to the next
Habitat	Where an organism lives...
Mutualism	A symbiotic relationship when both organisms benefit from the relationship...
Older fossils are at the bottom	An evolutionary assumption using the fossil record to prove how old a fossil is.
sperm	Pollen of a plant contains ______________.
photosynthesis	Leaves often have a large surface area which enhances the plants ability to ________________.
veins	Vascular tissue of a plant make up the plant's ______.
root	The part of the plant anchors and absorbs minerals and water is the
guard cells	The stomata of the plant leaf is regulated by _______.
parenchyma	The most common plant cell which has thin cell walls and large vacuoles...
antheridia	Moss plants produce sperm in the ____________.
prothallus	In the fern life cycle, the spores germinates into a heart shaped gametophyte called a ____________.
ectoderm	During the embryological develop, the skin and nervous tissue is formed from the __________ layer.
Crustacea	Crabs, lobsters and pill bugs belong to the Class _______.
Echinodermata	Sand dollars, sea stars and sea cucumbers belong to the Class ____________.
suction in the tube feet	Sea stars move and capture prey by the aide of the ____________________.
aging	Sagging, wrinkles and dryness are all effects of __________.
First	Pain and redness are indicators of ____ degree burns.
infection	Third degree burn victims are very susceptible to ____________.
water	The most abundant substance in the body.
GI Tract	The mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines make up the ________.
accessory organs	The liver, pancreas and gall bladder are ________ to the digestive system.
absorption	The primary function of the small intestine is ____________.
speeds up	A stimulant is a drug that __________ the activities of the nervous system.
urinary bladder	The organ which stores urine before being expelled form the body is the _______________.
nephron	The filtering unit of the kidney...
neurons	Cells of the nervous system are called ___________.
Archaebacteria	The kingdom of prokaryotes living in extreme environments.
fungus	A decomposer that is heterotrophic and eukaryotic.
endospores	Bacteria can survive harsh conditions by forming
round, rod and spiral	The three primary shapes of bacteria are __________.
lytic cycle	A viral cycle which uses the host cell's parts to reproduce more particles and exits the cell killing it.
mutations	Neo-Darwinists believe evolution occurred through beneficial ______________.
ecosystem	Ecologists who study a group of different animals and how they relate to each other and to the abiotic parts of the environment are interested in studying the _________________.
26	__________ other religious books that people of faith believe are divinely inspired but none of them except the Bible have specific fulfilled prophecies.
27%	The % of the Bible which contains what was predictive prophecy at the time that it was written.
25,000	Over _______archeological studies have confirmed the Bible's truthfulne.ss
39	There are more than ________ sources outside of the Bible, written within 150 years of Jesus' life that attest to more than 100 facts regarding Jesus' life, death, resurrection and teachings.
scientific	_________ evidence was written about way before, microscopes, telescopes and satellites were invented providing students of the Scriptures to have knowledge of the universe and creation.
25,000	There are over ______________ handwritten copies of just the New Testament verifying we have the same Bible as the early church used 2000 years ago.

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Biology Semester II Exam Review

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