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Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
| Bill of Rights doesn't necessarily apply to state and local laws |
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)
| Private organizations could exclude gays because a private group has the right to set its own moral code. |
Bush v. Gore (2000)
| Controversial election case that made the final decision on the Florida recounts, and thus, the result of the 2000 election. |
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
| The recitation in public classrooms of a nondenominational prayer was unconstitutional and a violation of the establishment clause. |
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
| Granted poor people the right to counsel. |
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
| Supreme Court case that established the Constitution's implied right to privacy (implied in the 14th amendment) |
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
| Direct government assistance to religious schools was unconstitutional, unless it is for nonreligious purposes. |
Lynch v. Donnelly (1984)
| a city's inclusion of a Nativity Scene in its annual Christmas display in a private park did not violate the establishment clause. |
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)
| The Court's power of judicial review in regard to state law was clarified in this case. |
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
| Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used at a trial (in state courts) |
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
| Supreme Court case in which the Court first asserted the power of judicial review |
Miller v. California (1973)
| formulated rules designed to make it easier for states to regulate obscene materials and to return to communities a greater role in determining what is obscene. |
Palko v. Connecticut (1937)
| Most but not all of the protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment. |
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
| Reverse discrimination is not a legal result of affirmative action. |
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
| Student-led, student-initiated prayer at high school football games violated the establishment clause. |
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
| Flag burning is a protected form of symbolic speech. |
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
| Upheld students' rights to express themselves by wearing black armbands symbolizing protest of the Vietna War. |
U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
| Only states have the authority to ban guns in school zones |
Webster v. Reproductive Health Service (1989)
| Opened the door for state governments to enact new restrictions on abortion. |
Weeks v. U.S. (1914)
| Established the exclusionary rule, which bars the use of illegally obtained evidence at trial. |
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
| The Court concluded that governments can give money to parents to allow them to send their children to private or religious schools. |
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
| An unsuccessful attempt to challenge Pennsylvania's restrictive abortion regulations. |
New York Times Co. v. U.S. (1971)
| a.k.a. the "Pentagon Papers" case; the S.C. ruled that any attempt by the government to prevent expression carried "a heavy presumption" against its constitutionality. |
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
| The S.C. ruled that capital punishment for minors violated the Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment. |
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)
| The S.C. held that advocacy of illegal action is protected by the First Amendment unless imminent lawless action is intended and likely to occur. |
Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002)
| The Court ruled that the Child Online Protection Act of 1998 was unconstitutional because it was too vague in its reliance on "community standards" to define what is harmful to minors. |
Gratz. v. Bollinger (2003)
| The Court struck down the U. of Michigan's undergraduate point system, which gave minority applicants twenty automatic points simply because they were minorities. |
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
| The Court voted to uphold the constitutionality of the U. of Michigan's law school policy, which gave preference to minority students. |
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg School District (1971)
| The Court ruled that all vestiges of de jure segregation must be eliminated at once. |
Bethel School District v. Frazier
| Schools are zones of restriction for certain right. Schools may restrict rights such as freedom of speech, etc. |
Furman v. Georgia
| Said that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment. |
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
| Censorship of school newspapers is allowed. |
In re Gault (1986)
| Minors still have the right to cousel, to be infomed of charges, etc. |
Katz v. United States (1967)
| Expanded the scope of the 4th amendment rights to include protection against certain kinds of electronic invasions of an individual's privacy. |
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
| Criminal suspects must be informed that they have the right to remain silent, that anything they say can and will be used against them, and the right to counsel. |
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
| First amendment protected the press from libel suits unless it could be proved that the press report was made out of malice. |
New York Times v. United States (1971)
| The government may not restrict the press from publishing what is labeled as "classified information" if the materials will not cause an inevitable, direct, and immediate event imperiling the safety of American forces. |
Roe v. Wade (1973)
| A "fetus" is not a person with constitutional rights therefore protecting a woman's right to have an abortion. |
Schenck v. United States (1919)
| Sustained the Espionage Act of 1917 by maintaing that freedom of speech and of the press could be constrained under "Clear and Present Danger". |
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
| Random drug testing of high school athletes does not violated the 4th amendment. |
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)
| A moment of silence cannot be practiced if it holds religious purposes and intentions. |
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