Psychology Core Concepts Chapter 9: Emotion and Motivation
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Created by:
KatW on August 27, 2010
Subjects:
psychology, psychology 101, psychology vocab
Description:
Psychology Core Concepts, fifth edition, by Philip G. Zimbardo, Robert L. Johnson, and Ann L. Weber.
Chapter 9: Emotion and Motivation
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Emotion | A four-part process that involves psychological arousal, subjective feelings, cognitive interpretation, and behavioral expression - all of which interact, rather than occurring in a linear sequence. Emotions help organisms deal with important events |
| Display rules | The permissible ways of displaying emotions in a particular society |
| Lateralization of emotion | Different influences of the two brain hemispheres on various emotions. The left hemisphere apparently influences positive emotions (for example, happiness), and the right hemisphere influences negative emotions (for example, anger) |
| James-Lange theory | The proposal that an emotion-provoking stimulus produces a physical response that, in turn, produces an emotion |
| Cannon-Bard theory | The counterproposal that an emotional feeling and an internal physiological response occur at the same time. One is not the cause of the other. Both were believed to be the result of cognitive appraisal of the situation |
| Two-factor theory | The proposal claiming that emotion results from the cognitive appraisal of both physical arousal (Factor #1) and an emotion-provoking stimulus (Factor #2) |
| Inverted U function | Describes the relationship between arousal and performance. Both low and high levels of arousal produce lower performance than does a moderate level of arousal |
| Sensation seekers | In Zuckerman's theory, individuals who have a biological need for higher levels of stimulation than do other people |
| Emotional intelligence | The ability to understand and control emotional responses |
| Polygraph | A device that records or graphs many ("poly") measures of physical arousal, such as heart rate, breathing, perspiration, and blood pressure. A polygraph is often called a "lie detector," even though it is really an arousal detector |
| Motivation | Refers to all the processes involved in starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities |
| Drive | Biologically instigated motivation |
| Motive | An internal mechanism that selects and directs behavior. The term motive is often used in the narrower sense of a motivational process that is learned, rather than biologically based (as are drivers) |
| Intrinsic motivation | The desire to engage in an activity for its own sake, rather than for some external consequence, such as a reward |
| Extrinsic motivation | The desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence, such as a reward |
| Conscious motivation | Having the desire to engage in an activity and being aware of the desire |
| Unconscious motivation | Having a desire to engage in an activity but being consciously unaware of the desire. Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized unconscious motivation |
| Instinct theory | The now-outmodeled view that certain behaviors are completely determined by innate factors. The instinct theory was flawed because it overlooked the effects of learning and because it employed instincts merely as labels, rather than as explanations for behavior |
| Fixed-action patterns | Genetically based behaviors, seen across a species, that can be set off by a specific stimulus. The concept of fixed-action patterns has replaced the older notion of instinct |
| Need | In drive theory, a need is a biological imbalance (such as dehydration) that threatens survival, if the need is left unmet. Biological needs are believed to produce drives. |
| Homeostasis | The body's tendency to maintain a biologically balanced condition, especially with regard to nutrients, water, ad temperature |
| Locus of control | An individual's sense of where his or her life influences originate - internally or externally. |
| Hierarchy of needs | In Maslow's theory, the notion that needs occur in priority order, with the biological needs as the most basic |
| Overjustification | The process by which extrinsic (external) rewards can sometimes displace internal motivation, as when a child receives money for playing video games |
| Need for achievement (n Ach) | In Murray and McClelland's theory, a mental state that produces a psychological motive to excel or reach some goal |
| Individualism | The view, common in the Euro-American world, that places a high value on individual achievement and distinction |
| Collectivism | The view, common in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, that values group loyalty ad pride over individual distinction |
| Set point | Refers to the tendency of the body to maintain a certain level of body fat and body weight |
| sexual response cycle | The four-stage sequence of arousal, plateau, orgasm, and resolution occurring in both men and women |
| Sexual scripts | Socially learned ways of responding in sexual situations |
| Sexual orientation | One's erotic attraction toward members of the same sex (a homosexual orientation), the opposite sex (a heterosexual orientation), or both sexes (a bisexual orientation) |
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