Care of the Patient with a Respiratory Disorder
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nose | air enters the respiratory tract |
| Nose Function | air is filtered, moistened and warmed as it enters the 2 nasal openings |
| Pharynx | a tubular structure about 5 in long extending from the base of teh skull tot he esophagus |
| Pharynx Function | passageway for both air and food |
| Trachea | tube like structure |
| Trachea Function | windpipe |
| Larynx | connects the pharynx with the trachea |
| Larynx Function | organ of voice |
| Bronchial Tree | divides into R and L |
| Bronchial Tree Function | gas exchange takes place |
| Lungs | occupy almost all the thoracic cavity except the centermost area |
| Lungs Function | breathing |
| Internal Respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| External Respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon between the lung |
| Turbinates or conchae | three scroll like bones |
| Paranasal Sinuses | frontal, maxillary, phenoid and ethmoid |
| Naspharynx | most superior portion |
| Oropharynx | posterior to mouth |
| Laryngopharynx | directly superior to larynx |
| Thyroid Cartilage or Adam's apple | largest area of cartilage |
| Epiglottis | a large leaf-shaped area of cartilage, protects the larynx when swallowing |
| Cilia | small, hairlike processes on the outer surfaces of small cells, aiding metabolism by producing motion or current in a fluid |
| Alveoli | end structures of the bronchial tree |
| Right lung contains | three lobes |
| Left lung contains | two lobes |
| Vixceral Pleura | a thin, moist, serous membrane |
| Parietal Pleura | the walls of the thoracic cavity are covered with a membrane of this |
| Pleural Effusion | accumulation of fluid int he pleural space |
| Thoracentesis | a needllike instrument is inserted intot the pleural space and the fluid is removed |
| Normal Respiratory Rate | 14 to 20 breaths per minute |
| Medulla oblongata and pons of the brain | basic rhythm and depth of respiration |
| Chemoreceptros located in the carotid nad aortic bodies | when stimulated by increasing levels of blood carbon dioxide, decreasing levels of blood oxygen or increasing blood acidity, these receptors send nerve impulses to the respiratory centers which modify respiratory rates |
| Adventitious | abnormal sounds superimposed on breath sounds, including sibilant wheezes, sonorous wheezes, crackles, and pleural friction |
| Bronchscopy | passing a bronchoscope into the trachea and bronchi |
| Caryza | common cold |
| Crackles | are short, discrete, interrupted crackling or bubbling sounds that are most commonly heard during inspiration |
| Cyanosis | slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike or dark purple discoloration of the skin |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose |
| Hypoxia | oxygen deficiency |
| Orthopnea | an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand in order to breathe deeply or comfortably |
| Pleural friction rub | low-pitched, grating or creaking lung sounds that occur when inflamed pleural surfaces rub together during respiration |
| Sibilant Wheeze | musical, high-pitched, squeaking or whistling sounds, caused by the rapid movement of air through narrow bronchioles |
| Sonorous Wheeze | low-pitched, loud, coarse, snoring sounds |
| Stertorous | a respiratory effort that is strenuous and struggling, provoking a snoring sound |
| Chest Radiography | radiographs used to evaluate disorders of the chest |
| Pulmonary function testing | procedures used to determine lung volume, ventilation, pulmonary spirometry or gas exchange |
| Mediastinoscopy | a surgical endoscopic procedure in which an incision is created in the suprasternal notch, allowing the endoscope to be passed into the upper mediastinum |
| Laryngoscopy | visualization of the larynx using either a mirror or a scope |
| Pulmonary Angiography | an injection of a radiographic contrast material intot hte pulmonary arteries. this permits visualization of the pulmonary vasculature, it is used to detect pulmonary embolism and congenital and acquired lesions of pulmonary vessels |
| Ventilation perfusion scan | the administration of an IV radioisotope to provide an outline of the pulmonary vasculature for photographs |
| Lung Biopsy | obtaining tissue, cells or secretions for evaluation |
| Pulse oximetry | the noninvasive method of providing continuous monitoring of SaO2 for assessment of gas exchange |
| Causes of laryngitis | vital or bacterial infections, excessive use of voice, inhalation of irritating fumes |
| Signs and symptoms of laryngitis | hoarseness or voice loss, scratchy throat, persistent cough |
| Signs and symptoms of pharyngitis | dry cough, tender tonsils, enlarged cervical lymph glands, red and sore throat |
| The primary manifestations of nasal septal deviations and polyps include ___ respirations, dyspnea and possibly post-nasal drip | stertorous |
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