Euro Ch. 12 & 13 Middle Ages
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Created by:
Maestro622 on August 29, 2010
Subjects:
Classes:
AP European History, Ellis 2013, Stewart_APEURO, AP Euro
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71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Edward III | 1338 declared himself rightful heir to French throne, started Hundred Years War |
| Pope Clement V | Moved the Church from Rome to Avignon |
| John Wyclif | English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384) |
| Dante Alighieri | ) **An Italian poet of the Middle Ages *Wrote the Divine Comedy ** |
| Joan of Arc | French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king |
| Jan Hus | Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation |
| Giovanni Boccaccio | Italian poet (born in France) (1313-1375) |
| Watt Tyler | Leader of the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381 |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | An English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat ***Best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales |
| Great Famine | Time when crops failed, starting with bad weather in spring 1315, -Europe did not fully recover until 1322 |
| Battle of Poitiers | Fought between the Kingdoms of England and France resulting in the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred Years' War. |
| Banns | The public announcement in a Christian parish church that a marriage is going to take place between two specified persons |
| Hussites | A Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus |
| Statue of Kilkenny | legislation preventing intermarriage and protected 'racial purity' |
| Hundred Year's War | Series of battles between England and France over French Territories and dispute over who and how France would be ruled |
| Nationalism | The identification of an ethnic identity with a state, love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| Conciliarists | A reform movement in the 14th and 15th century Roman Catholic Church which held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with the Roman Church as corporation of Christians, embodied by a general church council, not with the pope. |
| Jacquerie | Popular revolt in late medieval Europe by peasants that took place in northern France |
| Secularization | The transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious (or "irreligious") values |
| Canterbury Tales | A collection of stories written in Middle-English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey . |
| Buba | The boil that resulted from catching the Bubonic Plague, gave the plague its name and caused agonizing pain |
| Battle of Agincourt | The battle occurred on Friday 25 October 1415 in northern France, battle is notable for the use of the English longbow. |
| Babylonian Captivity | The period during which seven Popes resided in Avignon,France rather than Rome |
| Merchet | A fine paid on a marriage during the Middle Ages in England. |
| Lollards | Followers of John Wycliffe |
| Great Schism of 1054 | Divided medieval Christianity into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church |
| Avignon | A commune in the Vaucluse department in southeastern France, several popes and antipopes lived from the early 14th to early 15th centuries. |
| Divine Comedy | The poem describes Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven; but at a deeper level it represents allegorically the soul's journey towards God |
| Black Death | a plague that struck Europe in the fourteenth century that killed nearly half of Europe's population. It started in Central Asia and eventually spread to Europe in the stomachs of fleas |
| bubonic plague | a form of Black Death where the flea was the transmitter of the disease |
| pneumonic plague | a form of Black Death where the plague was transferred directly from one person to another |
| flagellants | groups of people who inflicted physical harm on themselves as penance for society's sins, believing that the plague was God's punishment |
| Renaissance | Also known as the "rebirth", the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century. |
| popolo | italian underclass |
| oligarchy | This is the rule of government by a few |
| Lorenzo De Medici, "The Magnificent" | Was a ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance,. Known as Lorenzo the Magnificient, he was a dipolmat, politian, artist and poet. |
| quattrocento | The 1400's. the 15th century in Italian art and literature. Florence was the leading city in this movement. |
| cinquescento | The 1500's or 16 th Century , Rome leader of Renaissance art and thought |
| War of the Roses | This was a civil conflict in England between the ducal house of Lancaster and the ducal house of York. |
| Henry VII | The first Tudor king that worked to establish a strong monarchical government and ended the private wars of nobles in England. |
| Court of Star Chamber | Established by Henry VII, it enforced torture to be used to force nobles to confess for something. |
| Ferdinand of Aragon | He married Isabella of Castile to form a union for Spain (though they were never politically united). He and Isabella worked together to form a strong infantry army in Spain. |
| Granada | The Muslim kingdom that Spain later conquested. |
| Habsburg | This dynasty became the Holy Roman emperor after 1438. It became one of the wealthiest landholders in the world. |
| Reichstag | The imperial diet or parliament of the Holy Roman Empire. |
| Byzantine Empire | It served as a buffer between the Muslim middle East and the Latin west. |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | Italian painter, engineer, scientist. The most versatile genius of the renaissance. Mona Lisa |
| Raphael | Student of Michelangelo's; figures are soft and reflect inner beauty; Madonna and child series; fattened and ezaggerated his paintings. |
| perspective | By making distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer and using shading artists could paint scenes that looked three dimentional. |
| chiaroscuro | The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth. |
| Michelangelo | artist, worked in rome, the main characteristics of high renaissance are shown in his work |
| Pope Nicholas V | Collected thousands of manuscripts and planned the Vatican library. |
| Christian Humanism | is the belief that human freedom and individualism are compatible with the practice of Christianity or intrinsic in its doctrine. |
| Thomas More | wrote Utopia- an English lawyer, author, and statesman who wrote Utopia, which describes the political arrangements of the imaginary island country of Utopia. |
| Erasmus | Dutch Renaissance humanist and Christian theologian who wrote in a "pure" Latin style. |
| Jan Van Eyck | Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441) |
| Jerome (Hieronymus) Bosch | An eccentric Dutch painter of religious visions who dealt in particular with the torments of hell. |
| Secularism | The emphasis on the here and-now rather than on the spiritual and otherworldly. |
| Conversos/New Christians | Jewish people of Spain who were forced by King Ferdinand to convert to Christianity. |
| Hermandades | "Brotherhoods"; popular groups in the towns given authority to act as local police forces and as judicial tribunals. |
| Inquisition | Ferdinand and Isabella ordered the establishment of tribunals to "search out and punish converts from Judaism who had transgressed against Christianity by secretly adhering to Jewish beliefs and performing rites of the Jews." |
| Lancaster and York | Two aristocratic houses of England who fought for the English throne in the War of the Roses. |
| Tudor dynasty | Henry VII gained power and ended wars of nobility/"livery and maintenence". Established Courty of Star Chamber that tortured nobles. |
| Reconquista | Referred to the wars of the northern Christian kings fought in order to control the entire peninsula, some of the religious objectives were to convert and expel the Muslims and Jews. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Politics, Author of "The Prince" who advocated "better to be feared then loved but not hated" writer, works w/ gov't, power, & instability "the ends justifies the means" |
| fur collar crime | nobles who robbed the peasants through the use of their power |
| simony | The selling of church offices. |
| indulgences | pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment |
| excommunication | The taking away of a person's right of membership in a Christian church |
| interdict | popes excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from participating in sacraments and from receiving Christian burial |
| heresy | an opinion different from accepted belief |
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