Anesthesia Terms & Definitions
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Created by:
Mari721 on August 30, 2010
Subjects:
veterinary technology, anesthesia
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anesthesia | -state of unconsciousness produced by a controlled, reversible intoxication of the CNS -"without feeling" |
| anesthetist | any person trained to admin anesthesia |
| anesthesiology | science of studying the administration of anesthetics |
| anesthesiologist | a specialist who administers an anesthetic to a patient before he is treated |
| neuroleptic | These drugs literally take hold of the nervous system. The term was originally applied to drugs that were used to treat psychoses in humans. In animals it is usually applied to the phenothiazines and butyrophenones that provide a calming effect in animals. |
| sedative/tranquilizer | -agent that calms nervousness, irritability, and excitement -patient is calm w/ ↓ anxiety caused by depression of CNS |
| -leptic | suffix that means "pertaining to overloading" |
| sedation | -mild degree of CNS depression -patient is awake but calm, relaxed, less reactive or sensitive to surroundings |
| analgesia | -relief from or w/out pain -a good protocol will help recovery of patient, as well as reduce pre- & post-op pain |
| autonomic nervous system | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms |
| sympathetic nervous system | -adrenergic, anticholinergic, sympathommimetic drugs & effects -increases HR, RR, BP, oxygen demand -causes vasodilation -decreases peripheral blood flow |
| parasympathetic nervous system | -cholinergic or parasympathomimmetic drugs/effects -"Rest & Digest" - ↓ HR, RR, BP, O2 demand -vasoconstriction - ↓ peripheral blood flow |
| inhalent | - agent that is inhaled and absorbed into blood via alveoli; volatile liquids (hazordous, unstable) - usually a liquid vaporized into gas and delivered via anesthetic machine |
| narcotics | - opiod derived from plants or synthesized; have analgesic effects on the body -used for pain management |
| narcotic agonists | -stimulate opiod receptors in body to produce physiological effects -purest form of plant derivatives, therefore they are the strongest -Class II or above; almost NEVER sent home w/ the patient |
| narcotic agonists (types) | morphine |
| narcotic agonist (type) | oxymorphone |
| narcotic agonist (type) | hydromorphone |
| narcotic agonist (type) | fentanyl (injectible, wh/ is short acting or transdermal) |
| narcotic agonist (type) | codein |
| narcotic agonist (type) | meperidine (Demerol) |
| narcotic antagonist | - bind opiod receptors and compete w/ agonist; -"reverse" the effects of opiods -helps to tx adverse reactions to agonist narcotics -naloxone (also good for reversing Tylenol toxicity), neostigmine, yohimbine |
| narcotic antagonist (type) | naloxone (also good for reversing Tylenol toxicity) |
| narcotic antagonist (type) | neostigmine |
| narcotic antagonist (type) | yohimbine |
| mixed agonist/antagonist | also known as "partial agonists) -affects different receptors to balance analgesia w/ anesthesia |
| mixed agonist/antagonist (types) | butorphanol, buprenorphine |
| cyclohexamines | dissociogenics |
| dissociogenics | Over-stimulates CNS instead of depressing it, dissociating the mind from the body -general anesthetic effects (for sedation or tranquilizations) w/ mild pain relief - often used in cat neuters |
| neuroleptanalgesics | Combination of narcotics & sedatives/tranqs -has a calming effect over patient as well as pain relief |
| neuroleptanalgesics | ace + torb |
| neuroleptanalgesics | domitor + morphine |
| dissociogenics | over stimulates the CNS instead of depressing it; dissociates mind from body -provides general anesthetic effects w/ mild pain relief |
| cyclohexamines | AKA dissociogenics |
| local analgesics | -acts directly on the nerves to block impulse transmission -provides loss of sensation and motor fxn |
| respiration | -exchange of O2 & CO2 at cellular/alveolar level; cannot be controlled |
| ventilation | - movement of air into and out of lungs; can be artificially controlled |
| tidal volume | - amt of air passing in/out of lungs in one breath - approx 10-20 mLs/kg |
| positive pressure ventilation | -artificial means of ventilation; use reservoir bag or AMBU (artificial manual breathing unit) bag to breath for patient |
| procedure | any dx exam or surgical operation performed |
| AMBU | artificial manual breathing unit |
| induction | -production of anesthetic state/unconsciousness by use of appropriate agent -propofol, civoflourine/isoflourine |
| induction agents | -propofol, civoflourine/isoflourine |
| intubation | insertion of an endotracheal tube into larynx to maintain a patent airway |
| general anesthesia | -state of unconsciousness produced by anesthetic agesnts w/ the absence of feeling and pain |
| surgical anesthesia | -degree of anesthesia at wh/ most surgeries may be safely performed |
| surgical anesthesia | -specific phase of general anesthesia; usually stage II, plane II OR stage III plane III (orthopedic) |
| maintenance | phase of anesthesia that starts after induction; animal enters & stays at anesthetic depth adequate enough for surgical procedure |
| maintenance | -can last a few minutes to a few hours |
| recovery | the period between the stoppage of anesthetic administration stops and when the pt can walk/stand w/out assistance |
| extubation | -removal of an endotracheal tube after patient is recovered |
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